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Great Green Wall: How Nigeria lags behind

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Nigeria’s low level of success with the Great Green Wall project has been attributed to a lack of political will.

greatgreenwall_0Coordinator of the Great Green Wall Project, Dr. Elvis Tangom, stated this during an interview at the United Nations Climate Change Summit (COP21) in Paris.

The project entails planting a wall of trees across Africa at the southern edge of the Sahara Desert as a means to prevent desertification.

Dr. Tangom said though Nigeria was the initiator of the project during the administration of former president, Olusegun Obasanjo, the project is yet to achieve its aims in the country.

He said: “You should understand that the Great Green Wall was a Nigerian initiative but Nigeria went down because she was not active. But, until recently, Nigeria became active again. Many countries were not active including Nigeria.

“The past administration allocated 15% of the federal budget to the Ministry of Environment for the project. That was fairly recently and that was last year.

“If you go to Senegal, Chad and Niger, they have advanced very much under the project. Senegal has reclaimed about four million hectares of land; Niger in the Zinder region with Nigeria has planted 50 million trees and reclaimed about one million hectares of land. Nigeria started this initiative but the national government was not actively engaged until recently. There are projects here and there by Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) and other agencies.”

Dr. Tangom expressed optimism that the new administration would come on board and Nigeria will be able to achieve the aims of the project. “I am very positive that, within the next two to five years, the story will no longer be the same.”

 

Not just about trees

The Great Green Wall initiative is believed to be a Pan-African proposal to “green” the continent from west to east in order to battle desertification. It also aims at tackling poverty and the degradation of soils in the Sahel-Saharan region, focusing on a strip of land of 15 km (9 mi) wide and 7,100 km (4,400 mi) long from Dakar in Senegal to Djibouti in Eritrea.

According to the project coordinator, “the popular belief that the Great Green Wall is about trees only is a limited perception to the project.” Dr. Tangom said the project is also about improving the livelihood of the people living in degraded lands.

He adds: “The use of Great Green Wall is metaphoric. It is far from being about trees. It is a development poll. It is about creating development poll. It is about keeping people in their land. It is about making people love their land, to stay in their land to create wealth. To be able to have a good life and get rich in their land.

“In Nigeria, we have income generating schemes and startups giving to women. We have boreholes; we have firefighting, forestry and agro-forestry, afforestation programmes. The Great Green Wall project is a mosaic of many activities. What we call sustainable land and water activities.

“The biggest achievement of the project is that countries develop a harmonised regional strategy for the implementation. Countries developed and adopted their planned line of action for the implementation of the Great Green Wall Project. Those countries have now decentralised these strategies and include it in their local economic development plan. That is where sustainability comes from and a sense of ownership.”

 

Migration and insurgency

The coordinator states: “Many of the young people leaving Africa in search of greener pastures and dying in the Mediterranean Sea are from the dry lands of Africa. They are from Nigeria, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, Sudan Mali, Senegal and Burkina-Faso.

“If those young people were sure they were going to be able to stay in their land, and their lands can provide them with employment, they will have value for themselves. Look at Lake-Chad from 25,000 sq. km to 2.5 sq. km. What about the young people who were fishermen? If you are a young man and you are watching television and you see the way other young people are living. What will you do? You either fight or flee. When you fight, you join Boko Haram or become a trafficker. Or you travel by road then sea through the Mediterranean Sea and die. By the way, you are dead, and you can’t provide for your family. And in Africa that is a very important issue.”

 

Additional funds and countries

Dr. Tangom said the $4 billion pledged recently through the Global Environment Facility (GEF) for the Great Green Wall Project at COP21 would be utilised for projects on the ground.

“We have the structures, national and regional programmes already and it will be channeled to those projects,” he disclosed, adding that 15 countries in the Southern Africa region have been included in the Great Green Wall Project.

“These new countries will work on projects that fight land degradation in Southern Africa. They will work on improving the quality of the dry lands in their region. It is a Pan-Africa project aimed at reducing land degradation.”

A Director in Nigeria’s Federal Ministry of Environment who spoke on condition of anonymity said seven states affected by land degradation such as gully erosion have been added to Newmap Nigeria, a project funded by the World Bank aimed at curbing the spread of erosion in affected states.

She added that the selected states will choose areas affected by erosion based on priority and such areas are among the next phase of reclamation under the land improvement component of the project.

Observers believe that the failure of the Nigerian government to comprehensively implement the Great Green Wall Project will worsen food insecurity, rural migration and conflicts among farmers and herdsmen.

By Tina-Armstrong Ogbonna

Nigeria may create trust fund for biodiversity protection

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A National Biodiversity Trust Fund may be created to aid the protection and conservation of biological diversity in the country.

Dr Matthew Dore
Dr Matthew Dore

This idea was mooted recently in Port Harcourt, River State, at a stakeholders’/consultants forum by a team of experts, who gathered under the auspices of the Niger Delta Biodiversity Project (NDBP).

Dr Mathew Dore, the NDBP national coordinator, said that such a fund would facilitate research into the nation’s rich biodiversity resort.

“We are losing a greater percentage of natural resources which had been the bedrock of livelihood for the rural poor, but there is no plan in place for its conservation or protection. A pocket of project here and there is not sustainable enough. Hence, we need a trust fund that can make funds available to researchers and even communities that are ready to practice conservation.”

He said that oil spills in the Niger Delta in the last four to five decades have damaged the rich mangrove swamp forest, freshwater and low land forest.

“Most of the available biodiversity species in the Niger Delta need some level of protection in their natural habitats to be able to re-establish viable population,” he added.

According to him, the proposed trust fund would have, as its target, communities, especially those where biodiversities were disappearing.

Charles Okoro, former Shell Petroleum’s environmental impact assessment manager, said that the country needed a coordinated approach to address emergencies, especially those affecting biodiversity.

He said: “All over the world, countries have been able to have a dedicated phone number for emergency. All you need to do is to activate it as soon as there is an emergency, but that is seen here like an impossible task.”

The NDBP is an integral part of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) strategic programme for West Africa with the goal of contributing to the conservation and sustainable use of globally significant biodiversity in the Niger Delta.

Somalia is world’s most vulnerable to climate change, says report

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Somalia is the country most vulnerable to the impact of climate change, according to Notre Dame University’s Global Adaptation Index.

A family fleeing the 2011 drought and famine in Somalia collects firewood outside Dadaab refugee camp
A family fleeing the 2011 drought and famine in Somalia collects firewood outside Dadaab refugee camp

The index assesses 177 economies on how well they can adapt to climate change, including their readiness and vulnerability. The report measures vulnerability based on exposure, sensitivity and ability to react to climate change and has a number of sub-indicators measuring the vulnerability of food, water, health, ecosystems, human habitats and infrastructure.

The following table shows those nations most vulnerable, based on the 2014 Index.

countries

So what is it that makes these countries so vulnerable?

  1. Somalia: Both food and water supplies are likely to be hit, with changing weather patterns causing drought and famine.
  2. Eritrea: Food supply problems, already common, are likely to be made worse.
  3. Sudan: Existing problems with access to clean and safe drinking will be made worse, with the related risk to human health.
  4. Burundi: Reliance on rice, wheat and maize means changing weather patterns are a threat to food supply.
  5. Papua New Guinea: Rising sea levels threatening food, water and infrastructure.
  6. Mauritania: Combination of drought and rising sea levels threatening aspects of food and water supply, as well as damaging infrastructure.
  7. Yemen: Worsening of existing water supply problems, and increasing levels of poverty.
  8. Chad: Both drought and flooding are likely to cause problems for farmers in the country.
  9. The Solomon Islands: Rising sea levels are already threatening the Islands’ entire existence.
  10. The Gambia: The agriculture sector could be hit hard by changing weather patterns.

By Joe Myers (Digital Content Producer at Formative Content)

SPDC wins 2015 PETAN Local Content Operator Award

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The Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) has won the 2015 Local Content Operator of the Year Award by the Petroleum Technology Association of Nigeria (PETAN), in recognition of its achievements in embedding Nigerian content in the oil and gas industry in Nigeria. SPDC was commended for many initiatives that have promoted Nigerian content including the domestication of original equipment manufacturing services; contractor funding schemes; and the collaboration with PETAN on similar programmes and projects.

General Manager, Business and Government Relations, Shell Petroleum Development Company, Mr. Simbi Wabote (right), receiving the 2015 PETAN Local Content Operator award from the Executive Secretary, Nigeria Content Development and Monitoring Board, Mr. Denzil Kentebe
General Manager, Business and Government Relations, Shell Petroleum Development Company, Mr. Simbi Wabote (right), receiving the 2015 PETAN Local Content Operator award from the Executive Secretary, Nigeria Content Development and Monitoring Board, Mr. Denzil Kentebe

“The award is a strong endorsement for the many successful interventions we have made in the Nigerian content space and an impetus for us to continue to grow indigenous capacity for the industry,” said SPDC’s General Manager, Business and Government Relations, Simbi Wabote, while receiving the award from the Executive Secretary of the Nigerian Content Development and Monitoring Board, Denzil Kentebe.

PETAN, an association of Nigerian indigenous technical oilfield service companies in the upstream and downstream sectors, also honoured the former Managing Director SPDC and Country Chair Shell Companies in Nigeria (SCiN), Mutiu Sunmonu, with the PETAN Chairman’s award in recognition of his support for in-country capacity development. SPDC and Mr. Sunmonu were among corporate bodies and individuals who were honoured at the 10th PETAN Annual Oil Industry Awards Dinner held in Lagos recently.

PETAN Chairman, Emeka Ene, commended the awardees for their efforts, and described 2015 as “a year of celebrating the industry and those who helped to move it forward.” He said that Nigeria should continue to actively encourage the development of indigenous manpower and service providers in order to engender lasting growth in the oil and gas industry.

SPDC and other Shell companies in Nigeria continue to make a major contribution to developing the country’s human capital and contracting capacity. Some 90% of SCiN contracts were awarded to Nigerian companies in 2014. Their Nigerian content development policies are hinged on indigenous asset ownership and development of human capacity and supplier services. For example, since 2010, SPDC has awarded five-year contracts for the building of 14 vessels to Nigerian companies to encourage Nigerian firms to play more active roles in the maritime sector.  Ownership of key assets such as rigs, helicopters and marine vessels is another area of key focus.

It is recalled that PETAN had in 2013 honoured Shell Companies in Nigeria with the Local Content Operator of the Year award.

Photos: Amina Mohammed continues tour of degraded sites nationwide

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Following the tour of climate change impacted sites in Lagos on Tuesday (December 15, 2015), Environment Minister, Mrs Amina Mohammed, has continued her nationwide inspection of environmentally degraded points of note. The second leg of the tour took her to the Niger Delta region as well as desertification-threatened North.

As usual, EnviroNews is closely monitoring her steps and presents images from the trips.

The Minister on a speed boat inspecting land and water bodies polluted by petroleum products in the Niger Delta
The Minister on a speed boat inspecting land and water bodies polluted by petroleum products in the Niger Delta
Inspected degraded land in the Niger Delta
Inspecting degraded land in the Niger Delta
On lands encroached by the desert in the North
On lands encroached by the desert in the North
Inspecting the Sharada industrial pollution site in Kano
Inspecting the Sharada industrial pollution site in Kano
Yobe State Deputy Governor Abubakar Aliyu receiving Mrs Amina Mohammed in Damaturu
Yobe State Deputy Governor Abubakar Aliyu receiving Mrs Amina Mohammed in Damaturu
An historic visit to Baga, Borno State
An historic visit to Baga, Borno State
In the company of excited delegates, soldiers
In the company of excited delegates, soldiers

 

 

 

 

 

Benue partners CEFTER on food hygiene, safety

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The Benue State Government is poised to partner the Centre for Food Technology and Research (CEFTER), Benue State University, Makurdi and other stakeholders in the Centre’s programmes on food safety and hygiene with the aim to sustaining the practice in the “Food Basket” state.

The CEFTER Hostel
The CEFTER Hostel

This commitment was made on Thursday, 17th December, 2015 by the Deputy Governor of Benue State, Benson Abounu. while declaring open the second phase of a short course titled: Basic Food Hygiene and Safety for Food Vendors at the College of Health Sciences auditorium, Benue State University, Makurdi.

According to him, the government will partner with CEFTER and others in order to ensure that food safety and hygiene is sustained in the state, considering its importance in the people’s livelihood.

To this end, he maintained that the government in the state has recognised the salient benefits of food security and hygiene which necessitated its effort in that regard by working round the clock in preventing the wastage of the state’s raw food.

“We have decided to add value to our agricultural products through wastage prevention and soon, we will bring on board, primary industries that would process raw food produce, especially the perishables to forestall wastage,” he stated.

Stressing further, Abounu enthused that he would be happy that the initiative of training the populace in the area of food safety and hygiene would be replicated in the local government areas of the state. “Indeed, it is in our rural communities that this training would be more needed,” he added.

Speaking earlier, Wife of the Governor of Benue State, Dr (Mrs) Eunice Ortom, said the importance of food to human existence cannot be overemphasised, more so, food properly prepared.

“However, it is a thing of worry that all over the world, people are seriously infected every day by diseases that are caused by eating unhygienic and unsafe food,” she added.

Dr Ortom, who was represented by Wife of the Deputy Governor, Justice Mary Abounu, stated that due emphasis ought to be given to good hygienic practices to prevent and control food-borne diseases, adding that it is essential for all to understand what good food hygiene is and to ensure that the food eaten is free from contaminants such as micro-organisms and chemicals.

“Food Hygiene and Safety is a global priority for food security. In Benue state, the Food Basket of the Nation, the case is not any different. Inadequate education and persistent poor attitude towards food handling practices is a bane on our safety and community. Hence, the need for training of food handlers in the aspect of hygiene and safety becomes not just important but an unavoidable necessity. A lot of effort has been put in by international agencies, notably, WHO, UNICEF, USAID towards better and improved food sanitation and hygiene methods in Benue State,” she said.

She maintained that the determination to revitalise the agricultural sector to ensure food security, agribusiness and entrepreneurship for job creation for the state’s teaming population and by extension, to boost Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) for socio-economic development becomes feasible only when food is properly and safely processed for storage and consumption.

“This workshop is therefore a necessary precursor to the agriculture-driven Industrialisation Policy of the Ortom administration,” she noted.

The Wife of the Governor, who said she believes that the impact of the training will be enormous because of the target trainees, noted that it is a direct impact; training food handlers, mostly women, who harvest, store, market, buy and prepare food for the nation adding that it means that in no distant future education of people at all to a levels would ensure clean and safe food for consumption and/or commercial purposes.

“Therefore, having juxtaposed the entire curriculum through all the phases, I can assure participants that they will gain immensely from this training. In fact, as I stated in Phase 1, I recommend this training for at least one member of every household; it is as important as immunisation and I promise that I will not relent in ensuring that the coverage across the State is on a larger scale,” said Dr Ortom.

“As a first step towards achieving this, I have coordinated the training of at least three food handlers per local government in the first phase. The second phase of this project which is commencing today is targeted towards more food handlers as a goal towards training more food handlers from the local governments. This will engender the ideals of entrepreneurship development in Food Technology and Research as they relate to Agribusiness,” she stated.

In his welcome address, the Vice Chancellor, Benue State University, Prof. Msugh Kembe, who noted that the impact of CEFTER on the Benue community is enormous, commended the centre for its approaching the problem of poor food handling from the grassroots and being poised to network with all stakeholders in her quest to tackle post food losses.

According to the VC, a university’s impact is not in the number of graduates it churns out but the impact its courses have on developing the society, adding that is why they approved CEFTER programme as it is impacting positively on the state.

He noted that one of the distinct benefits of the CEFTER programme is the scholarship opportunity availed 70 Benue indigenes through the centre valued at over N83 billion starting at Masters and PhD degrees.

Prof. Kembe expressed gratitude to the Office of the Wife of the Governor Benue State for coordinating the funding for the Second Phase of the training on Basic Food Hygiene and Safety for Food Vendors.

“I commend and thank the Governor’s Wife for her unwavering support and for seeing to it that the Benue man, woman and child eat safe and hygienic food,” he enthused.

In his remarks, Director CEFTER, Prof. Daniel Adedzwa, stated that the programme thrives on partnership and strong support by the government which has placed the centre ahead of others said they are immensely appreciative of the government’s support.

He also commended one of their partners, Vettas Leo Services Ltd, for having done a good job on the programmes curricula, stating that they will improve on it also.

According to Prof. Adedzwa, as the Wife of the Governor has already indicated interest in replicating the programme in the rural areas and introducing it to other states, they believe that extending it to the rural areas is the right thing to do.

The CEFTER Director noted that he was motivated that one of the brains behind CEFTER’s existence, Prof. Msugh Kembe, was at the helms of affairs at the Benue State University as Vice Chancellor so he has no doubt that the programme will grow from strength to strength.

In his presentation on “CEFTER: Basic Food Hygiene Course – Progress So Far”, Project Manager/Deputy Director CEFTER, Dr Barnabas Ikyo, who emphasised that CEFTER is a Centre of Excellence for Control of Post-Harvest Losses, noted that the short course was a success in the first phase and the second phase would even have more impact.

According to him, poor hygiene and sanitation particularly in handling of food leads to many diseases which necessitates adherence to health education and training for food handlers, sanitation and hygiene, behavioural change, enforcement of public health regulations among others.

Dr Ikyo noted that closing the infections windows of food borne diseases would go a long way in giving way to healthier eating and living, which is what the short course on Basic Food Hygiene has been addressing.

He enumerated some next steps to be taken by the centre as: Looking forward of the food safety and Hygiene to involve training of 2300 participants from Benue State and facilitated by Wife of the Governor, Benue State; MoU with 12 partners. Partnership agreement for two and ensure partnership agreements are signed completely; In conjunction with NSPRI, CEFTER are organization a lecture series on the effect of climate change on post harvest losses; Organizing training of trainers for Control of PHL Agricultural Development Projects from all 36 and FCT.

Dr Ikyo also highlighted five elements of the project to include:

Enhance capacity to deliver regional high quality training to address the development challenge.

  1. Enhance capacity to deliver applied research to address the regional development challenge.
  2. Build and use industry/sector partnerships to enhance impact of the Centre on development and increase relevance of the Centre’s education and research.
  3. Build and strengthen regional and international academic partnerships to raise quality of education in other institutions in the region.
  4. Enhance governance and management to improve monitoring and evaluation, administration, fiduciary management, transparency, ability to generate resources, and project implementation.

However, he regretted that the project has certain risks which include: Risk of sustainability after the World Bank funding phase of 5 years; Emerging CoEs in Africa are heavily donor dependent in financing their operations; And because of the unpredictability of donor funding and donor fatigue in supporting African countries, it has been suggested in some quarters that African countries must develop new modalities of funding their development projects to ensure long term sustainability.

To this end, he noted that an action plan for project sustainability has been included in the Centre’s implementation plan and they shall work hard to ensure that the project is sustained after the World Bank funding.

In his remarks, Deputy Managing Director, Vettas Leo Services Ltd, Vershima Tivzenda, who stated that the last five months of their operation with CEFTER and the Benue State University have been excellent commended all stakeholders working on the CEFTER project.

He charged all stakeholders not to falter in their resolve to partner with the centre to reposition the livelihood of the Benue man especially in areas of food safety, hygiene and post harvest loss to push the commitment to a logical conclusion.

Speaking earlier, the Head of Department Clinical, Benue State University, Dr Godwin Achinge, noted that although hand washing is basic, it is not common in the society whereas, it contributes to ensuring food safety and hygiene.

“CEFTER has started on a good footing by encouraging food safety and hygiene through the training on its basics,” he stated.

By Damian Daga, Makurdi

Agenda for Uguru Usani, new Minister of Niger Delta Affairs

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The key issues in the Niger Delta region are bordering on poverty, environmental pollution and degradation, militancy, resource allocation, inadequate infrastructure among others. Although previous governments have made attempts at addressing some of these issues, for instance the infrastructure problem with the East-West Road, the Amnesty Programme initiated to deal with militancy and a few more others, overall results are not overwhelming enough given the fact that the region occupies a major position in the political economy of the country. Perhaps, this is the reason why issues relating to the environment and resource allocation are still burning.

Uguru Usani, Minister of Niger Delta Affairs
Uguru Usani, Minister of Niger Delta Affairs

However, globally it is known that the peace and economic prosperity of any nation are perpetually hinged on responsible and visionary leadership. Apparently, the Niger Delta region would have shared the same fate in terms of this norm, but at present, enduring successes have not been recorded. That said, enough attention has not been given to policy implementation, meanwhile, several policy documents of the Federal Government have had a place for the Niger Delta region since independent, ranging from vision 20:2020, to the Niger Delta Master Plan and the Ledum Metee Committee Report. Evidently, these policy documents have not been given the desired attention.

With the election of the Buhari administration and appointment of a new Minister of the Niger Delta Affairs, Pastor Uguru Usani, expectation in the region is that, he must move away from the failure of the past and urgently focus attention on bringing real changes to address the Niger Delta question. At the level of policy implementation for instance, the Minister should assiduously work at resolving 4 issues that have remained a sore thumb. These are:

  1. Comprehensive implementation of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Report recommendations on Ogoniland.
  2. Extending key recommendations of the UNEP report relating to environmental pollution and degradation to other areas in the Niger Delta region.
  3. Comprehensive unveiling of the Niger Delta Master plan
  4. Passing into law of the Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB).

Given the change mantra of the current government, the Ministry of Niger Delta Affairs under the new Minister, Usani, should work with other agencies of government at the federal and state levels in the Niger Delta region, to create sustainable empowerment programmes that will improve rural livelihoods as well as embark on aggressive environmental awareness campaigns. This will reduce the prevalence of high level of poverty and also enhance environmental awareness and conservation among rural dwellers in the region. He can achieve this by first ensuring as a matter of urgency the immediate implementation of the Ledum Metee Committee Report as well as the UNEP Report and unveiling of the Niger Delta Master Plan. The yet to be unveiled document which is a comprehensive regional blueprint for the sustainable development of the area, with objectives that embrace economic growth, infrastructure development, communities’ peculiar needs, and environmental preservation for the development of the oil rich region.

The Minister should thereafter move on to ensure the establishment of three new institutions as recommended in the UNEP report, to support a detailed environmental restoration exercise. These institutions should include the Ogoni Environmental Restoration Authourity, Integrated Contaminated Soil Management Center of Excellence in Environmental Restoration.

He should join forces to push for the passing into law, the Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) which has remained intractable. Another area the minister should focus on with sincerity, purpose and passion is the proper handling of the Bakasi People Restoration. Time is ticking if the minister really wants to bring meaningful changes to the development of the region; the first step is the immediate resolution of these issues.

By Olaoshebikan Clement (Executive Director, Development and Leadership Institute (DLI),

Port Harcourt, Rivers State)

Rights groups hail Dutch court ruling, Shell winces

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A Dutch appeals court has ruled that Royal Dutch Shell can be held liable for oil spills at its Nigerian subsidiary. The decision overturns a ruling by a lower court in 2013, which found the parent company could not be held liable.

Two of the four Nigerian farmers (Chief Fidelis A. Oguru-Oruma (left) and Eric Dooh) sit in the law courts in The Hague on October 11, 2012. The four farmers take on Shell in a Dutch court, accusing the oil giant of destroying their livelihoods in a case that could set a precedent for global environmental responsibility. Photo credit: AFP / ANP / ROBIN UTRECHT  netherlands out
Two of the four Nigerian farmers (Chief Fidelis A. Oguru-Oruma (left) and Eric Dooh) sit in the law courts in The Hague on October 11, 2012. The four farmers take on Shell in a Dutch court, accusing the oil giant of destroying their livelihoods in a case that could set a precedent for global environmental responsibility. Photo credit: AFP / ANP / ROBIN UTRECHT

Observers believe that the ruling, passed on Friday (December 18, 2015), could open the way for more cases against the multi-national company.

Judges in The Hague ordered Shell to make available to the court documents that might shed light on the cause of the oil spills and whether leading managers were aware of them.

The legal dispute dates back to 2008 when four Nigerian farmers and campaign group, Friends of the Earth, filed suit against the oil company in Netherlands, where its global headquarters is based.

“Shell can be taken to court in the Netherlands for the effects of the oil spills,” the court ruling stated on Friday.

“Shell is also ordered to provide access to documents that could shed more light on the cause of the leaks.”

Judge Hans van der Klooster said the court had also found that it “has jurisdiction in the case against Shell and its subsidiary in Nigeria”. The case has been adjourned till March for hearing.

The ruling was hailed by rights groups as a victory for victims of environmental pollution worldwide, while Shell said it was disappointed.

For instance, the Environmental Rights Action/Friends of the Earth Nigeria (ERA/FoEN) welcomed the court ruling, urging other Niger Delta communities to institute similar action against the company for years of pollution.

Shell’s Nigerian subsidiary, Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Ltd (SPDC), said in a statement: “We are disappointed the Dutch court has determined it should assume international jurisdiction over SPDC.”

“We believe allegations concerning Nigerian plaintiffs in dispute with a Nigerian company, over issues which took place within Nigeria, should be heard in Nigeria,” it said.

Shell has always blamed the leakages on sabotage which under Nigerian law would mean it is not liable to pay compensation. But the Dutch court said on Friday: “It is too early to assume that the leaks were caused by sabotage.”

“The ruling is unique and can pave the way for victims of environmental pollution and human rights abuses worldwide to turn to the Netherlands for legal redress when a Dutch company is involved,” Friends of the Earth Netherlands said in a statement.

Four farmers and fishermen, backed by Friends of the Earth, first filed the case against Shell in the Netherlands in 2008, demanding a clean-up oil spills in their communities, prevention of further spills and payment of compensation for the ruins caused by Shell.

In January 2013 a lower Dutch court threw out most of the lawsuit, saying the communities could not hold Shell’s parent company in Netherlands responsible for the pollution which has for years ruined their environment.

At the time, the judges said Shell’s Nigerian subsidiary was partly responsible and ordered it to compensate farmers and fishermen in one claim, in Ikot Ada Udo in Akwa Ibom State, but not in the three other claims from Oruma community and Goi in Bayelsa and Rivers respectively.

In the ruling on Friday, the court said that the farmers may take their case against Shell to a judge in the Netherlands, meaning Dutch courts have jurisdiction in the case against Shell and its subsidiary in Nigeria.

Describing the landmark ruling, Geert Ritsema of Friends of the Earth International said: “There is now jurisprudence that means victims of human rights violations or pollution can sue Dutch multinationals in the Netherlands”

ERA/FoEN Executive Director, Godwin Uyi Ojo, said: “Today, we have recorded yet another victory for communities that have been under the yoke of Shell. This ruling sets a landmark precedent that opens the doors for impacted communities to sue Shell in Netherlands for the negligence of its subsidiaries in their part of the world.

“Shell would have preferred that this controversy dragged for eternity until the farmers become weary and give up, but the decision of the appeal court has turned the table on them. The resilience of the farmers will earn them victory”

Ojo recommended that other impacted communities now take their destinies in their hands, even as he added that “we firmly believe that justice will finally be served for communities tossed here and there by Shell’s attempts to evade justice in communities where it pollutes with impunity.”

According to Ojo, the case of the four Nigerian farmers is only the tip of the iceberg. “For decades, Nigeria has been the stage of the largest oil spill on earth. Over the years, an amount of oil double to that of the sinking of the Deep Horizon in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 has leaked into the environment. A 2011 report published by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) shows Shell doing far too little to clean up the leaked oil.”

Akwa Ibom lists strategies to address climate variability

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Akwa Ibom State will hold its first ever Climate Change Summit next year, the governor, Mr. Udom Emmanuel, has said.

Emmanuel, who made the disclosure on Tuesday (December 15, 2015) in Lagos, pointed out that, against the backdrop of the recently decided Paris Agreement, the state has concluded plans to develop a State Policy on Climate Change and establish 10 Forest Reserves in the next four years.

L-R: Prince Lekan Fadina (Executive Director, CISME), Shuaib Aremu M. Temitope (Managing Director, Sharmade Nigeria Limited), Olawale Akinwumi (Chief Operating Officer, Africa Clean Energy Summit), Dr Beatrice Ubeku (Focal Person, West African Women Association / Founder, Women care Association of Nigeria), Dr. Iniobong Essien (Akwa Ibom State Commissioner for Environment & Mineral Resources), Prof. Samuel Wara (Director, Centre for Research, Innovation & Discovery at Covenant University, Ota), Gbolahan Okanlawon Adedotun (Managing Director, The Environment Communications Limited), Aisha Gaido (Researcher, Impact of climate change on health) and Dr Victor Fodeke (Director-General, Africa Energy Summit), at the Post COP21 Dialogue in Lagos …December 15, 2015
L-R: Prince Lekan Fadina (Executive Director, CISME), Shuaib Aremu M. Temitope (Managing Director, Sharmade Nigeria Limited), Olawale Akinwumi (Chief Operating Officer, Africa Clean Energy Summit), Dr Beatrice Ubeku (Focal Person, West African Women Association / Founder, Women care Association of Nigeria), Dr. Iniobong Essien (Akwa Ibom State Commissioner for Environment & Mineral Resources), Prof. Samuel Wara (Director, Centre for Research, Innovation & Discovery at Covenant University, Ota), Gbolahan Okanlawon Adedotun (Managing Director, The Environment Communications Limited), Aisha Gaido (Researcher, Impact of climate change on health) and Dr Victor Fodeke (Director-General, Africa Energy Summit), at the Post COP21 Dialogue in Lagos …December 15, 2015

The governor, in a keynote address at the Post COP21 Dialogue that had “Climate Agreement at COP21: Success, Implementation & Implications for Africa & Nigeria” as its theme, noted that the state would likewise embark on the comprehensive survey and mapping of forest estates as well as development of the state’s REDD+ Readiness Plan. He added that government would raise 20,000 seedlings for the first phase of the climate change mitigation and REDD+ strategies for the state.

Represented by the Commissioner for Environment & Mineral Resources, Dr. Iniobong Essien, the governor stressed that, in line with government’s strategic plans, it will establish Climate Change Desks in Line Ministries, while building the capacity of Ministerial / Line Ministries Staff, NGOs/CBOs and Media on climate change-related issues.

His words: “The planned Independent Power Plant (IPP) project will utilise the abundant natural gas in the state, which will also be made available for Industrial and domestic use.

“Government has acquired additional 803 square kilometer of land for her afforestation programmes. There are also stretches of old growth African Rainforest in difficult-to-access areas along the coast and boundary of Cross River State and the Cameroons. Protected forests under communities’ control exist in such places as Obong Itam (GEF supported), Ukpom Ikono and Ukanafun.

“The pristine forest at Obong Itam and Stubbs Creek forest reserve are home to the endangered Sclatter Guenon, which is endemic in these area. These ungazetted protected forests are estimated to cover about 1368.5 km2 bringing the State’s total forests cover to 1682.4km2 or 20% of forested area.”

Director-General, Africa Clean Energy Summit, Dr Victor Fodeke, attempting an overview of COP21, said: “COP21 has become one of the most successful COPs in the history of the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework on Climate Change). It ushers in a new era of defining moment of global decarbonisation of our production and consumption lifestyle. Through 100% decentralised renewable energy systems that is built on the strategic platform of energy efficiency  – as advocated by Africa Clean Energy Summit/Group’s ‘Energy Efficiency First for Africa’.

“Thanks to the earlier indefatigable climate change diplomacy of President Barak Obama that rallied support of China, India and Brazil. However, the world must rally round to back their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) with pragmatic mitigation, financial and technical support for developing countries to drastically reduce the gigatonnes of GHGs to avert global catastrophic consequences.”

Organised by the Africa Clean Energy Summit and Federal Ministry of Environment in conjunction with the Akwa Ibom State Government, the daylong Post COP21 Dialogue featured panel presentations on: Impact of COP21 on Africa, Climate Solutions/Carbon Credits/Carbon Price/REDD+, Climate Change & Public Health, Impacts of COP21 on Africa, Role of Youth in Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation and Akwa Ibom at COP21 – The Experience.

When Amina Mohammed visited impacted sites in Lagos

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Federal Minister of Environment, Mrs. Amina Mohammed, apparently making good her commitment to do more in implementing the recently decided Paris Agreement on Climate Change, has embarked on the inspection of some climate impacted sites and areas of environmental concern across the country.

Environment Minister, Amina Mohammed, beside the remains of a structure destroyed by coastal erosion at Alpha Beach, Lagos
Environment Minister, Amina Mohammed, beside the remains of a structure destroyed by coastal erosion at Alpha Beach, Lagos

Her first port of call was Lagos where, on Tuesday (December 15, 2015), she led a team of officers of the Ministry of Environment and National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) and representative of the civil society in the state to inspect three sites in the former federal capital city. The impacted sites include: Alpha Beach in Lekki, Kuramo Beach on Victoria Island and Makoko Community at Yaba.

 

Alpha Beach

According to an engineer from the Ministry of Environment who conducted the minister and her team round the beach, Alpha Beach used to be one of the top beaches in Lagos State before coastal erosion, as a result of sea level rise, started to cause massive destruction on properties around the shoreline and the close by Okun Alpha community. The beach shoreline used to be about 150 meters away from the houses that are facing the shoreline but the ocean has swallowed the 150 meters’ setback in the last couple of years, destroying all the houses along the shoreline including the community health centre, business outlets and dwelling units, said the engineer.

The ruins of the properties and the losses and damages as a result of the sea level rise are conspicuously visible around the shoreline. Some of the residents of the community have been forced to relocate further inland while several others have resorted to squatting on available vacant land around the beach due to inability to afford the rents to secure alternative accommodation.

A resident of the community said: “Every year, the water keeps coming at us, and the devastation has been unprecedented in recent years. About two weeks ago, the community was flooded including the Baale’s (Community Chief’s) house which was about two streets away from the shoreline.”

Some members of the community believe that the flooding was caused by the dredging of the bar beach and the sand filling (land reclamation) of some parts of the ocean to create the Eko Atlantic City, a mixed-use real estate development project that has been dogged by controversy.

But the engineer could not ascertain whether the incessant sea level rise in recent years at the beach was caused by the dredging of the Bar beach and the Eko Atlantic City project. According to him, the dredging of the Bar Beach began in 1990 which predates the unprecedented sea level rise and the resultant flooding. He was, however, of the opinion that the ocean rise is caused by the effects of abandoned shipwrecks within the stretch of the Lagos coastline which, according to him, was acting as a groin to disturb the free flow of the water and the creation of the east and west moles.

The government recently constructed two groins on the water to protect the shoreline from erosion. The groins were constructed with hard rocks and sand and are designed to trap sand from the waters. The minister and her team walked on the groins to see the effect of the flow of waters around the groins before inspecting the damaged properties along the shoreline. The engineer underlined the need to construct more groins but the challenge, he added, is that the cost of constructing more groins could be very high.

The minister spoke with the members of the community who lamented the neglect of government despite their plight. They however requested the minister to visit the community again so that she can be given detailed account of the impacts of the sea level rise.

 

The minister with her entourage at the Eko Atlantic City project site
The minister with her entourage at the Eko Atlantic City project site

Kuramo Beach

One of the engineers working at the site of the Eko Atlantic City project took the minister and her team around the estate and explained the progress made so far. The minister stood on the five-metre wall built as a shield around the estate.

According to the engineer, the wall is five meters high because the highest wave that has ever been recorded on the beach is about five metres. He disclosed that there is a plan to add additional three metres to the wall as a safeguard. The Eko Atlantic City is expected to stretch up to Goshen Beach Estate in Lekki, another shoreline development being threatened by sea level rise and coastal erosion. The rate of erosion along the Kuramo Beach cannot be measured yet but the Eko Atlantic City project is expected to reduce erosion around the beach, stated the engineer, adding that the sand being used for reclamation is pumped from the ocean at three separate sites which is about 20 nautical miles into the ocean.

“The walls were built with rock groins which is expected to last for about 50 years. The Eko Atlantic City project has a two-year delivery plan,” he said.

 

Makoko Community

The minister and her entourage was led by Abel Enikanologbon, the former secretary for Women Affairs at Yaba Local Council Development Area (LCDA) into the Makoko-on-water Community through a wooden boat paddled by local boat men in the community.

Makoko Community in Lagos
Makoko Community in Lagos

The surroundings of the community appeared unkempt, the water looked dirty and many of the houses were built on stilts with solid waste being the foundation of the houses. The community displayed shabby looking schools, and a hotel where women of easy virtue hibernate. Most social and commercial activities take place on water as women, children and men were seen parading their wares on the boat. Boys and girls who seem less than five years old were seen paddling boats by themselves on the water and going about their different chores.

The minister was at the floating school but she was not allowed to go inside the school by some community touts who felt she ought to have informed them before coming. The minister observed different logging activities around, and fumes from the nearby Oko-Baba Sawmill and saw dust were very visible from the boat.

A representative of the community explained that the Lagos Waste Management Agency (LAWMA) has three offices in the community and they come to collect refuse from the community on a weekly basis. He added that this is not enough as the community generates a considerable amount of waste and even some of the wastes are dumped into the water. This explains why the water channel is full of dirt and partially blocked, he added.

The population of Makoko community living on water is more than those on the land. The community comprises Egun, Ijaws and Ilaje people. The overall community leader of Makoko is Raymond Olaiya Akinsemoyin, a lawyer. The community lacks portable water, sanitation services and toilets.

 

Way out

It was obvious that the Makoko community needs a thorough clean up and behavioral change to sustain the clean up. Waste-to-wealth initiatives and introduction of clean cooking solution through the use of brickets could be introduced into the community. These projects will need to be more focused and mobilise the inclusive participation of the community to foster a supportive environment for the initiatives to succeed.

Some of the important recommendations coming from the inspection include:

  1. Construction of more groins at Alpha Beach
  2. Close monitoring of Eko Atlantic City project to ensure it is not causing environmental problems
  3. Employment of experts to investigate the cause of the Alpha Beach sea level rise and proffer solutions
  4. Regeneration and possible relocation of the Makoko community
  5. Introduction of a waste-to-wealth programme, including clean cooking solutions in Makoko community

The inspection was obviously an eye opener. It gave the minister the opportunity to see firsthand the impacts of climate change and the loss and damages arising therefrom. She was able to understand some of the underlining issues behind some environmental challenges in Lagos State and how to set priorities to address them.

By Titilope Akosa (Executive Director, Centre for 21st Century Issues)

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