President Muhammadu Buhari has said that his signing of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change has demonstrated Nigeria’s commitment to a global effort to reverse the effects of the negative trend.
Mr President and participants at the meeting on Taking Climate Action for Sustainable Development in New York. He says his signing of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change has demonstrated the country’s commitment to a global effort to reverse the effects of the negative trend
The President said this while addressing the opening of the meeting on Taking Climate Action for Sustainable Development in New York, co-hosted by Nigeria and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) as one of the Side Events of the 71st Session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA71).
President Buhari had, shortly before this event, signed the Paris Agreement, where he committed Nigeria to reducing “Green House Gas Emissions unconditionally by 20 per cent and conditionally by 45 per cent” in line with Nigeria’s Nationally Determined Contributions.”
Describing the signing as historic, he also expressed confidence that, with support from development partners, Nigeria would meet stated targets.
The President also promised to ensure the ratification of the Paris Agreement before the 22nd Session of the Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) holding in Marrakesh, Morocco in November 2016.
He stressed that it was to demonstrate his personal dedication to the process of implementing the Agreement that he was hosting the side event on Taking Climate Action Towards Sustainable Development.
President Buhari, who said he was privileged to have been part of the Paris Agreement, expressed appreciation to what he called “the genuine efforts by President Francois Hollande of France in drawing global attention to reviving the Lake Chad Basin,” and for galvanising the political will that led to the global consensus in reaching the Paris Agreement.
The Nigerian President said his country’s commitment to the Paris Agreement is articulated through its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) “that strive to build a climate resilient society across the diverse terrain of Nigeria. We have instituted an Inter-Ministerial Committee on Climate Change to govern implementation of my country’s NDCs, thereby ensuring a strong cross-sectoral approach, coherence and synergy for Climate Action.”
President Buhari, while admitting that implementing the Roadmap would not be easy in the face of dwindling national revenues, however, indicated that both internal and external resources would be mobilised to meet Nigeria’s targets. He added that the 2017 Budget would reflect Nigeria’s efforts to accord priority to realising its NDCs.
“In addition, we are set to launch our first ever Green Bonds in the first quarter of 2017 to fund a pipeline of projects all targeted at reducing emissions towards a greener economy,” he said.
While urging global support to transit to a low-carbon climate resilient economy, the President specifically reminded industrialised nations “to play their role and deliver on their commitments on access to climate finance and technology transfer and help with capacity-building,” adding that, “Expectations are high for their leaders to deliver $100 billion per year by 2020 in support of developing countries to take climate action, thus keeping the promise to billions of people.”
President Buhari, who thanked the Presidents of Chad, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo and Niger for attending the event, also called on the international community to “give special recognition to the plight of Lake Chad and support our effort to resuscitate the livelihoods of over 5 million people in the region. This will reinforce our efforts to reintegrate the thousands of Boko Haram victims and returning Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs).”
The President noted that the Niger Delta region is a unique biodiversity rich in coastal environment that is highly prone to adverse environmental changes occasioned by climate change, such as sea level rise, coastal erosion, exacerbated by poverty and many decades of oil pollution leading to loss of livelihoods and ecosystems.
He added however, that “through an integrated approach, implementation of the NDCs, and our efforts to clean up Ogoniland, we will improve livelihoods, protect the environment and take climate action, and ensure the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).”
Nigeria on Thursday, 22 September 2016, signed the Paris Agreement, bringing the total number of signatories to 188. President Muhammadu Buhari signed on behalf of the nation during a brief ceremony at the ongoing United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) holding at the UN Headquarters in New York, USA.
President Buhari of Nigeria signs the global treaty. President Buhari with R-L: Mr. Stephen Mathias, Assistant Secretary-General for Legal Affairs, United Nations; Mr. Santiago Villalpando, Chief of the Treaty Section, OLA, United Nations; Minister of Foreign Affairs, Geoffrey Onyeama; and Minister of Environment, Amina Mohammed as he signs Paris Agreement on Climate Change at the sidelines of the UN General Assembly in New York September 22, 2016.
This follows the signing of the Paris Agreement by the Republic of Moldova and Kyrgyzstan on 21 September, as well as by Malawi, Armenia, Zambia and Chile on 20 September.
On 22 April this year, 175 world leaders signed the Paris Agreement, the most to ever sign a treaty on a single day.
It was projected that, by the end of this week, 190 would have signed the Agreement, including Armenia, Chile, Kyrgyz Republic, Malawi, Moldova, Nigeria, Togo, Turkmenistan, Yemen and Zambia.
At the 21st session of the Conference of the Parties (COP), held in Paris, France, the Parties adopted the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which was opened for signature on 22 April 2016.
On this date, 174 States as well as the European Union signed the Agreement and 15 States also deposited their instruments of ratification.
The number of Parties having ratified the Paris Agreement presently stands at 60 States.
Finally, Nigeria has joined the list of nations that have signed the Paris Agreement on climate change. The country is however yet to ratify the global and widely-accepted treaty.
President Muhammadu Buhari, who is attending the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) at the UN Headquarters in New York, signed the dotted lines on Thursday on behalf of the nation.
All set and waiting for President Muhammadu Buhari…Still awaiting Mr President…Finally, Mr President puts pen on paper. Environment Minister, Amina Mohammed, and others look onMr President listens as an official explains a pointMr President briefs an audienceSome members of the Nigerian delegation. Lagos governor, Akinwunmi Ambode, is second right
In the first of its decarbonisation series, the Climate Action Tracker (CAT) analysis looks at transport, a sector that is key to achieving the deep cuts in emissions required by the Paris Agreement.
The World Advanced Vehicle Expedition (WAVE), world’s largest electric vehicle rally, in respect of which the 2016 held on the Place des Nations in front of the UN European headquarters in Geneva, aims at promoting zero-emission vehicles, considered crucial to limiting warming to 1.5°C
In this series the CAT examines specific energy-intensive sectors, and how emissions can be reduced to be in line with the Paris Agreement’s long term warming limits, namely, to keep global temperature rise “well below” 2°C, and to “pursue efforts” to limit warming to 1.5°C.
The CAT’s latest analysis shows that if governments were to double fuel economy standards in new passenger cars by 2030, and achieve a 50% EV uptake by 2050, then most get close to – or even reach – a 2°C warming pathway. But a 1.5°C pathway requires more action.
“Emissions standards only get the transport fleet to a certain point – it is clear that in order to get to the Paris Agreement’s lower temperature goal of 1.5°C, the world needs to make a paradigm shift to zero emissions vehicles,” said Markus Hagemann of NewClimate Institute.
“Attention must also be paid to the recent discovery that some car manufacturers have been deliberately manipulating emissions tests,” he noted.
Perhaps a positive outcome of this scandal is that it has brought to light major shortcomings in the emissions tests themselves, sparking a move towards more realistic tests, hopefully leading to smaller discrepancies between laboratory and road emissions intensities.”
“Aside from much-needed shifts in transport behaviour, for the transport sector to decarbonise there is no choice but to adopt zero-emission vehicles. For electric vehicles this would mean that they also need to be powered by renewable electricity,” said Yvonne Deng of Ecofys.
To avoid exceeding a 1.5°C warming trajectory, zero global aggregate emissions would need to be reached around the middle of the century, implying that the last fossil gasoline or diesel-powered passenger vehicle would have to be sold around 2035 (assuming a new car would be on the road for an average of 15 years).
“Even a date of 2035 or so for the last new fossil-fuel powered passenger car could be late: the earlier we decarbonise the transport system, the less we will need to rely on negative emissions that largely require technologies still awaiting large-scale deployment,” said Michiel Schaeffer of Climate Analytics.
The analysis looks at two scenarios comparing a range of big emitters: the EU, China, US, Japan, India, Mexico and Brazil. Scenario 1 would see a doubling of new car fuel economy standards by 2030, and Scenario 2 a doubling of new car fuel economy standards by 2030, plus 50% (zero emission) EV’s by 2050.
In the EU and the USA, the increased deployment of EVs would keep overall emissions on a downward trend in line with a 2°C pathway.
In India, the projected rise in vehicle numbers (activity) is so high that absolute emissions from passenger cars would keep rising even under Scenario 2. However, this would still be in line with the IEA’s 2°C pathway for India, which foresees a similar rise in emissions, reflecting this strong expected growth.
The situation in China, Brazil and Mexico lies between these two cases, with emissions under Scenario 2 stabilising as the effects of increased activity and reduced intensity approximately balance out. The resulting decreasing emissions trend is just enough to comply with a 2°C pathway.
Overall emissions are expected to decrease most strongly in Japan (in both scenarios), partly due to declining activity levels.
The Climate Action Tracker (CAT) is an independent scientific analysis produced by four research organisations (Climate Analytics, Ecofys, NewClimate Institute and Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research) tracking climate action and global efforts towards the globally agreed aim of holding warming below 2°C, since 2009.
Toyin Ayinde, former Lagos State Commissioner for Physical Planning & Urban Development, in a review of “The Citizen’s Guide to Planning in Nigeria: How to get your voice heard” written by urban planner Yacoob Abiodun, says the book should be read because the author has bravely attempted to bring the awareness of planning afore to those who hitherto had very little or distorted knowledge of it
The author, Yacoob Abiodun, signing autographs on copies of the book on Citizen’s Guide to Planning
The book is structured into 12 chapters, preceded by quotes on planning by “President Planners”, and a validation of the manual by some distinguished Nigerians.
Yacoob Abiodun is an accomplished town planner who, having paid his dues in a meritorious service delivered over two decades in the Nigerian Federal Civil Service, retired as Deputy Director (Urban Planning).
Of himself, he declares that he is “retired but not tired” and, to prove his point, he has produced two books in 10 years of retirement – not bad for one who is not a professional writer. He ranks amongst the Senior Citizens of the nation, as well as senior practitioners of town and regional planning who must be listened to when they choose to their mouths to speak.
Toyin Ayinde, book reviewer and erstwhile Lagos State Commissioner for Physical Planning & Urban Development
In this book, Abiodun sets forth in a two-pronged manner to address the uninformed and the informed in the field of urban and regional planning. He dexterously pilots his reader from the rudimentary level to a more advanced setting, yet putting it in such an intelligible manner to ensure that the reader is never tempted to go in search of the author’s phone number in order to seek answers to knotty areas of the book.
Well researched and articulately presented, this book is set to break the backbone of ignorance of the uninitiated in the discipline of town planning, as well as help the initiated to correct past mistakes and take up a new determination to do things better that before.
Abiodun offers a departure from the style we are accustomed to: that of identifying the problem, but never proffering any solution. His opening chapter, which is introductory, observes the existence of a “great misconception and very limited knowledge among the citizenry concerning what planning is, what it is for and the way it works. On the part of professional colleagues also lies the erroneous belief that planning is autocratic, that ‘the-king-can-do-no-wrong’ which is the cause of constant conflict between planners and the citizens.”
While I agree with the author, I just continue to wonder why it always takes them retirement from office to see it this way, or to talk about it. So he uses the chapter to prepare a base upon which to launch other facts as he seeks to explain the purpose of the book which he ensured is “devoid of technical planning jargon, mathematical models and statistical analysis” to make it appealing to the ordinary citizen-reader.
He seeks to define urban planning in his second chapter, explaining the purpose and benefits derivable from the exercise which is indeed a process. For the first time, the citizen-reader would be shocked to learn that placing the “RED X” mark on buildings is not urban planning. Thank you sir for this elucidation.
The book in Chapter 3 confirms that the country is replete with legal and policy provisions for urban planning. In many ways, lack of laws has never been the problem in Nigeria. We always have many of them, sometimes replicated in other agencies but we have always lacked the capacity to follow through with the laws.
He emphasises in Chapter 4 that the city belongs to all, planners and non-planners, and that is why survival cannot be left to planners alone. The case is therefore well made for other stakeholders, NGOs, FBOs, community leaders, planning advocates and citizens in general to get involved and build settlements of our dream.
When we all come together to set a vision of a sustainable living environment the result is a planned and well managed settlement. The converse is also true.
The author in Chapter 9 provides a refresher course for practitioners, just for the records, to remind us of what we should never forget. For the citizens it forms a checklist by which you can be certain that your planner has not gone off mark. It is about planning to plan, an analysis of the process of planning.
Chapter 10 s Abiodun’s “Epistle to the Citizens”. He discusses the subject of citizen participation in the planning process, the very reason this book is written. When citizens fully participate in the process of plan preparation, they will give unalloyed support for its implementation because they will assume ownership of such plan.
The author thus encourages the invitation of memoranda from a wide range of stakeholders including members of the public as entrenched in Section D. 13(1) of the National Urban & Regional Planning Law. You must get involved in the planning process by seeking information about local planning activities, keeping abreast with planning information, attending city consultations, participating in focus groups and exploring other forms of engagement. Don’t let the planners hijack the plans of the city. They are only facilitators. I do not agree less.
The author believes that the professional urban planner has a role to play in promoting citizen participation. Rising from the years of military rule which most elderly planners are familiar with, the penchant for dictatorial attitude can be understood but it is not the way with panning if our cities are ever going to reflect beauty and order.
In the last chapter of the book, the author makes the point that innovation in urban planning makes room for improvement in the quality of life available to us while providing opportunity for economic vibrancy. He identifies the key stakeholders that should get involved in this and the role each of them has to play.
In concluding this review, I would like to acknowledge the depth of work that the author has put in. In my opinion, this is the most relevant book today on Citizen Participation for the enhancement of planning practice.
As it coincides the the 70th birthday anniversary of the author, I seize the opportunity to wish him sound health and longevity of life as he joins the Septuagenarian Club.
The UN Headquaters in New York on Wednesday hosted an event in which the development of the new Least Developed Countries (LDC) Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Initiative was highlighted. It was moderated by Chair of the LDC Group, Tosi Mpanu-Mpanu.
Chair of the LDC group, Tosi Mpanu-Mpanu
The initiative is a collaborative effort to align sustainable development and climate change goals by enabling universal access to clean, renewable energy in the world’s poorest nations. It gained international support in Bonn in May this year and is to be launched at COP22 in Marrakech in November 2016, the next international climate conference.
Mr. Mpanu-Mpanu said: “COP22 will be an action and implementation COP, providing the opportunity to begin implementation of the Paris Agreement through concrete action in the renewables sector. This is a chance for our developed country partners to fulfil their support responsibilities under the Paris Agreement, which should be a priority given their commitment to enhance the capacity and the ability of developing countries to take effective climate change action.
“All LDCs face major challenges in scaling up renewable energy and ensuring energy access to our poorest communities. This initiative will ensure no LDC is left behind. With clean and renewable energy also comes jobs and opportunities to vastly improve the livelihoods of our people.”
The LDC Initiative will develop under the umbrella of a Global Initiative on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency, which will provide a space for developing synergies and sharing best practices amongst similar initiatives, including the African Renewable Energy Initiative and initiatives proposed by the Small Island Developing States.
“This Global Initiative exemplifies how the international climate process can generate new global partnerships, powering towards a more prosperous future for the world’s poor and amplifying the charge towards a clean energy economy,” he added.
On Wednesday, 31 countries deposited their instruments of ratification at the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon’s special event to accelerate the entry into force of the historic Paris Agreement. 60 countries have now ratified the Agreement, which requires 55 countries representing 55% of greenhouse gas emissions to enter into force.
“With today’s 31 ratifications the Paris Agreement has surpassed the country barrier and is now on the brink of early entry into force. This is a powerful political symbol that governments of the world recognise the need to take urgent action against climate change,” said Mr Mpanu-Mpanu, adding:
“The Paris Agreement is a dynamic and inclusive agreement which focuses on supporting the needs of the world’s poorest and most vulnerable countries. With entry into force imminent, it is vital that we build on this growing global unity and carry out our commitments agreed in Paris, to safeguard our planet for future generations. This requires developed countries to provide much needed support to developing countries, including the LDCs, to enable us to develop sustainably and adapt to the enormous challenges climate change presents to our communities.”
Governments have been asked not to build new fossil fuel extraction or transportation infrastructure, and that they should not grant new permits for them.
Fossil fuel infrastructure: oil installation
This submission forms part of the recommendations in a new study released on Thursday by Oil Change International (OCI).
The OCI, in partnership with 14 organisations from around the world, scientifically grounds the growing movement to keep carbon in the ground by revealing the need to stop all new fossil fuel infrastructure and industry expansion.
The report, titled: The Sky’s Limit – Why the Paris Climate Goals Require a Managed Decline of Fossil Fuel Production,” also recommended that some fields and mines – primarily in rich countries – should be closed before fully exploiting their resources, and financial support should be provided for non-carbon development in poorer countries.
The report focuses on the potential carbon emissions from developed reserves – where the wells are already drilled, the pits dug, and the pipelines, processing facilities, railways, and export terminals constructed.
According to the report, suggestions put forward does not mean stopping the use of all fossil fuels overnight. Rather, it added, governments and companies should conduct a managed decline of the fossil fuel industry and ensure a just transition for the workers and communities that depend on it.
Key findings are listed to include:
The potential carbon emissions from the oil, gas, and coal in the world’s currently operating fields and mines would take us beyond 2°C of warming.
The reserves in currently operating oil and gas fields alone, even with no coal, would take the world beyond 1.5°C.
With the necessary decline in production over the coming decades to meet climate goals, clean energy can be scaled up at a corresponding pace, expanding the total number of energy jobs.
The report is published by the OCI, in collaboration with Health of Mother Earth Foundation (HOMEF), 350.org, Amazon Watch, APMDD, AYCC, Bold Alliance, Christian Aid, Earthworks, Équiterre, Global Catholic Climate Movement, Indigenous Environmental Network, IndyAct, Rainforest Action Network and Stand.earth.
The Paris Agreement on Climate Change is set to become law this year after a ceremony at the UN Headquarters in New York on Wednesday saw 60 countries worth 47.5% of global emissions complete their formal ascension to it and 13 others commit to doing so this year.
Liz Gallagher, Senior Associate, E3G. She says the Paris Agreement is on track to break records as the international treaty fastest to become law
Wednesday’s ceremony was regarded as significant because one of the two thresholds required for the agreement to come law were met: more than 55 countries formally joined.
Speaking at a high-level ceremony bringing together countries to ratify the Paris Agreement, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, and US Secretary of State John Kerry today expressed optimism that the Paris Agreement would come into force within 2016.
According to observers, all that remains is to meet the second threshold: countries responsible for 55% of global emissions must ratify. With signals of intent from the additional countries at the ceremony, the second threshold is expected to be reached before or during the next major climate negotiations in Marrakesh this November.
The speed with which the agreement will enter law is unprecedented, they noted, adding that for example, the Kyoto Protocol took seven years to become law and it was widely anticipated that the Paris agreement would take until 2020 to come into effect.
As well as making the Agreement law, entry into force is significant because it means the parties, or countries, who have ratified the agreement can get on with actually implementing it to its full potential. Finalising this symbolic formality can help to concentrate minds and political will on the immediate action required to help keep the promises made in Paris viable. Early entry into force would also give an additional confidence boost to investors and citizens that the transition to the low carbon economy is in full swing.
The Climate Action Network (CAN) welcomed the progress made on ratification and called upon the remaining countries to ratify the Paris Agreement as soon as possible so as to reach the threshold on emissions and allow the historic deal to preserve the planet for future generations to come into force and be implemented.
Upon the conclusion of the ceremony, spokespeople made significant comments.
“That the Paris Agreement is on track to break records as the international treaty fastest to become law bodes well as it is a signal that countries just want to get on with it. But the journey has only begun. The next test awaits in Rwanda in October where countries must agree to an ambitious timetable to phase down dangerous greenhouse gases, HFCs,” said Liz Gallagher, Senior Associate, E3G.
“The upcoming entry into force of the Paris Agreement is the important signal that businesses have been waiting for. With this clear direction of travel from political leaders, companies can now accelerate efforts to achieve a zero carbon future,” stated Paul Polman, CEO of Unilever, a member of the Corporate Leaders Group.
Jill Duggan, Director of The Prince of Wales’s Corporate Leaders Group: “We are delighted at the unprecedented speed with which this historic agreement will come into force. This shows that governments have understood and responded to the urgency of the climate challenge – a challenge demonstrated by the record breaking temperatures experienced, yet again, this year. The ratification by the European Union, which accounts for 12% of global greenhouse gas emissions, will be instrumental to reaching the required threshold of 55 countries and 55% of emissions.
“European leaders should be commended for agreeing to speed up their ratification process. Members of The Prince of Wales’s Corporate Leaders Group call on the EU to stay at the forefront of climate action and fully join the Paris Agreement in the next couple of weeks, triggering an entry into force at COP22 in Marrakesh.”
Alden Meyer, Director of Strategy and Policy, Union of Concerned Scientists: “Today’s announcement that the Paris Agreement will take effect this year is good news for the planet, and underscores the growing momentum for climate action. But much work remains ahead on both implementing and raising the ambition of countries’ emissions reduction commitments, if we’re to reach the Paris goal of net zero global warming emissions by mid-century and avoid the worst impacts of climate change.”
Wael Hmaidan, Director, Climate Action Network International: “The Paris Agreement was only a start to building international consensus to fight climate change. It is a fight that requires every country, city, business and citizen to do all that they can, as quickly as they can, to scale-down the pace of, and ultimately halt, climate change. The prospect of this Agreement coming into force in just a year is a clear signal that we have absolutely no time to waste and its implementation must begin in earnest.”
Sierra Club’s Executive Director Michael Brune: “Today’s announcement marks a major tipping point in our planet’s history. Countries have come together at an unprecedented and historic rate to continue the progress the world made in Paris last year, and we applaud the collective global leadership that has driven us to this moment. With the Paris Agreement’s imminent entry into force on the horizon, we wholeheartedly look forward to doing our part to continue the work toward a thriving clean energy economy, a stable climate, and a healthy planet.”
Sven Harmeling, CARE International: “CARE welcomes the prospects for an early entry into force of the Paris Agreement already in 2016 and urges all other countries to rapidly ratify. But ratification is not enough: Governments in particular from the most powerful countries need to cut emissions quickly in light of the 1.5 degrees C limit. More resources are needed to help the most vulnerable women, men, girls and boys build their resilience to climate impacts and disasters, and protect those displaced from climate loss and damage, an increasing harm recognised at this week’s UN Refugee summit.”
Adriano Campolina, ActionAid Chief Executive: “World leaders have kick started efforts in the ever-increasing battle against climate change, but we are still further than we had hoped we would be today. Early entry into force of the Agreement less than a year since Paris would have been an important signal and step forward to protect the lives of millions of people around the world.
“European countries’ failure to ratify today is a dent in the climate leadership it has prided itself on previously. The EU must now swiftly agree to ratification. And in order to reclaim its role as a true climate leader it must take early action, before 2020, to ensure that keeping the world below 1.5C degree warming is not an elusive dream.”
Lutz Weischer, Team Leader International Climate Policy, Germanwatch: “The ratification of the Paris Agreement by 60 countries sends a very clear signal that the world is serious about climate action. What worries us is that Europe and Germany are now at risk of being left behind in the transition to a decarbonised world economy, after years of investment in climate solutions. We call on Germany and the EU to ratify the Paris Agreement and deposit their instruments with the UN in the next few weeks. To regain ground in the decarbonisation race, Chancellor Merkel also needs to significantly improve the draft 2050 climate plan her government is currently debating – right now, Germany is not on track to meet its Paris commitments.”
May Boeve, 350.org Executive Director: “The historic pace at which countries are joining the Paris agreement brings it significantly closer to entering into force, yet there remains a massive gap between what the agreement calls for and what world governments are actually doing to meet these targets.
“Each of the last 16 consecutive months have been the hottest in history, with 2016 shaping up to be the hottest year on record – a title that we’re getting far too accustomed to applying year after year. Around the world, there is a powerful and growing fossil fuel resistance movement that is pushing our institutions and governments to divest and break free from fossil fuels to prioritise people and planet.”
Wendel Trio, Director at Climate Action Network (CAN) Europe: “Today’s ratification announcements inject more momentum into the Paris Agreement and are important steps towards getting real action to start. We are pleased to note that the EU, while feeling the international pressure, finally recognised the urgency and is willing to show unity and move its ratification forward. Leaving New York, EU decision-makers must get into poll position and use this opportunity to translate crucial parts of the Agreement into real action. This includes being pro-active and agreeing now on a process to increase its weak 2030 target by the next big international moment in 2018 the latest.”
Head of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Patricia Espinosa, has officially thanked the 31 governments who on Wednesday in New York took the number of Parties to the Paris Climate Change Agreement past the key threshold of 55.
Patricia Espinosa, Executive Secretary of the UNFCCC
For the treaty to enter into force, at least 55 Parties covering at least 55 per cent of the global greenhouse gas emissions are required to join the Agreement.
Entry into force will trigger a variety of procedural activities. For example, it will trigger the first Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement or in short the CMA1.
At a special event organised by the UN Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon, Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bangladesh, Belarus, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Dominica, Ghana, Guinea, Honduras, Iceland, Kiribati, Madagascar, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Niger, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Senegal, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Thailand, Tonga, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, and Vanuatu deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession of the Paris agreement.
“As of 21 September we have 60 Parties who have deposited the relevant instruments adding to the 29 who deposited their instruments over the past few months – this is an extraordinary momentum by nations and a clear signal of their determination to implement Paris now and raise ambition over the decades to come,” she said.
“We now look forward to the final threshold that will, 30 days later, trigger entry into force. Namely, at least 55 per cent of the global greenhouse gas emissions also being covered by Parties who have ratified, accepted, approved or acceded to the Paris Agreement with the UN’s Depositary,” added Ms Espinosa.
“Today we can say with ever more confidence that this historic moment is likely to come very soon, perhaps even by the time governments meet for the next round of climate negotiations in Marrakech, Morocco in November,” she said.
“Here many issues need to be progressed, ranging from the development of a rule book to operationalise the agreement up to building confidence among developing countries that the $100 billion pledged to them by developed nations is truly building,” said Ms Espinosa.
“The adoption, signing and ratification of the Paris Agreement are wonderful news but by no means the end. Securing a climate-safe world and supporting the realisation of the Sustainable Development Goals is a multi-decadal effort of constant improvement. But we are out of the blocks and off down the track with enthusiasm, creativity and determination to make the transformation the people of this world expect and need,” she added.
The Paris Agreement was universally adopted in December 2015 and signed by many Parties in early 2016. The first ratifications occurred in April 2016. The UNFCCC secretariat Paris Agreement tracker <http://unfccc.int/paris_agreement/items/9485.php> now records the 60 countries which have ratified accounting for 47.76 percent of global emissions, according to the list provided by Parties to the agreement.
The climate action plans, or Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) submitted in the run up to the Paris conference, are transformed into Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
Governments will also be obligated to take action to achieve the two temperature limits enshrined in the agreement – staying well below 2 degrees C and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5C over pre-industrial levels, this century.
The next key milestone, following ratification and entry into force, is likely to be the swift and successful conclusion of negotiations to develop the rule book that will allow implementation to begin in earnest.
“Daily, positive announcements of climate action by nations but also companies, investors and cities, regions, territories and states have been a hallmark of 2016. The urgency is to evolve this ever higher in the years and decades to come,” said Ms Espinosa.
The Paris Agreement on climate change on Wednesday in New York moved closer toward entering into force in 2016 as 31 more countries joined the agreement at a special event hosted by United Nations Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon.
President Muhammadu Buhari of Nigeria addressing the UN Climate Change Conference COP 21, in Paris, France on 30th Nov 2015. Mr President will this week sign the Paris Agreement
Several large emitting countries, which had not yet completed their domestic approval processes in time for the event, also announced they were committed to joining the agreement this year.
By the end of this week, 190 will have signed the Agreement, including Armenia, Chile, Kyrgyz Republic, Malawi, Moldova, Nigeria, Togo, Turkmenistan, Yemen and Zambia.
The 31 countries that deposited their instruments of ratification at Wednesday’s event include: Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bangladesh, Belarus, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Dominica, Ghana, Guinea, Honduras, Iceland, Kiribati, Madagascar, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Niger, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Senegal, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Thailand, Tonga, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, and Vanuatu.
The 14 countries that announced their commitment to join the Agreement in 2016 include: Austria, Australia, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Costa Rica, Cote d’Ivoire, European Union, France, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, New Zealand, Poland, and the Republic of Korea.
The Paris Agreement will enter into force 30 days after 55 countries, representing 55 percent of global emissions, deposit their instruments of ratification, acceptance or accession with the Secretary-General.
One of the two thresholds for entry into force has now been met. There are now 60 countries that have joined the agreement – one more than the required 55 needed. These countries represent almost 48 percent of global emissions, just shy of the 55 percent needed for entry into force.
In addition, 14 countries, representing 12.58 percent of emissions, committed to joining the agreement in 2016, virtually assuring that the Agreement will enter into force this year.
“This momentum is remarkable,” Mr. Ban said. “It can sometimes take years or even decades for a treaty to enter into force. It is just nine months since the Paris climate conference. This is testament to the urgency of the crisis we all face.”
In early September, the world’s two largest emitters, China and the United States, joined the Agreement, providing considerable impetus for other countries to quickly complete their domestic ratification or approval processes.
The Paris Climate Agreement marked a watershed moment in taking action on climate change. Adopted by 195 parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) last December in Paris, the Agreement calls on countries to combat climate change and to accelerate and intensify the actions and investments needed for a sustainable low carbon future, and to adapt to the increasing impacts of climate change.
The early entry into force of the Paris Agreement would trigger the operational provisions of the agreement and accelerate efforts to limit global temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Celsius, and to build climate resilience.
Even as the agreement was adopted, countries recognised that present pledges to reduce emissions were still insufficient to reach these goals. The Paris Agreement mandates regular meetings every five years, starting in 2018, to review progress and to consider how to strengthen the level of ambition.
On 22 April this year, 175 world leaders signed the Paris Agreement, the most to ever sign a treaty on a single day.
