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Lagos zoo harbours 135-year-old tortoise

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A tortoise, aged 135 years, has been found in a private zoo in Ikorodu, Lagos State.

The 135-year-old tortoise
The 135-year-old tortoise

The good, old tortoise of about the size of a microwave was able to crawl with a woman weighing about 82 kilogrammes on its back.

“It’s age is determined by counting the lines on its shells,” says one of the zoo attendants.

The massive tortoise crawled about freely on the sandy surface just like other younger ones, not minding the huge human presence at the zoo.

Children were particularly excited about the old tortoise as well as two prayerful Chimpanzees which were performing acrobatics and shaking hands with visitors.

“I love the tortoise. Daddy said it’s the wisest animal on earth,” says an excited seven-year-old boy who sat on the back of the tortoise together with his sister.

Other creatures at the zoo include a lion, two crocodiles, monkeys, peacocks, porcupines, an hyena, a jackal and an ostrich.

Owner of the zoo, Prince Abiola Kosoko, says plans are being made to move to a more spacious environment that will accommodate more animals such as elephants, zebras and gorillas which, according to him, have already been acquired.

“We have the animals, but the challenge now is land where we will keep them. As you can see here is small. It can’t contain the animals,” he explains.

“We have approached the Lagos State Government for a land. But the amount they are calling is too much. They are demanding millions of naira which we cannot afford.”

Prince Kosoko appealed to Lagos government to be of help by providing the land for the project, so that some endangered species the zoo harbours would be saved from going into extinction.

His words: “The state should assist us. That is the only way we can preserve these animals. Most of them are seriously threatened and would go into extinction if efforts are not put in place to preserve them.”

When asked how lucrative the business is, Prince Kosoko replied, “What we do, we do out of passion. We are not making any gain. But indeed, this is a multi-billion-naira project. However, beyond the profit, we should save the animals from extinction so that the we would have something to leave behind for the coming generations.

“Aside the care, the monetary involvement in feeding the animals is the greatest challenge of running a zoo.

“They eat a lot and if you do not feed them well enough, they begin to lose weight, look unkempt or even die. So we spend a lot just to feed them.”

Visitors to the zoo per head are charged a fee of N500 to gain entrance.

But the zoo’s receptionists who sold entry tickets said the cost of entrance might change when the facility relocates to bigger place.

“The price will definitely change. It may double or thereabout. I cannot say until then. The place we are planning is much bigger. We intend to keep more animals, including gorillas, elephants and zebras. Visitors will have a good experience, but they will pay higher,” he adds.

By Innocent Onoh 

Images: Africa Cleanup Conference 2016

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The first ever Africa CleanUp Conference & Award held in Lagos, Nigeria, 24th to 25th June, 2016.

Africa CleanUp Conference & Award 2016 was organised by Passion House in partnership with Hypo. The event was also endorsed and supported by Federal Ministry of Environment, Lagos State Ministry of Environment, Africa Youth Initiative on Climate Change, Climate Wednesday, Miss Environment International and RecyclePoints.

At the event, delegates were inspired by top environmentalists in various sectors. The promoters disclosed that it was a great experience for everyone that attended.

 Some of the speakers and panellists from Day 2 of the African Clean-up Conference
Some of the speakers and panellists from Day 2 of the African Clean-up Conference
Maryam Njie of Thermal Initiative presenting the Environmental Youth award to Mma Hasana from Accra, Ghana
Maryam Njie of Thermal Initiative presenting the Environmental Youth award to Mma Hasana from Accra, Ghana
Cross section of participants with the Convener, AlexGreat Akhigbe, at the end of Day 1 of the Africa Clean-up Conference
Cross section of participants with the Convener, AlexGreat Akhigbe, at the end of Day 1 of the Africa Clean-up Conference
RecyclePoints received award for Recycling Venture and Club17 Africa received award for the innovation in Youth SDG Initiative
RecyclePoints received award for Recycling Venture and Club17 Africa received award for the innovation in Youth SDG Initiative
Panel Discussion Session: Left to Right: Lolade from West AfricaENRG; Mazi from RecyclePoints and Ugochi from TVC News
Panel Discussion Session: Left to Right: Lolade from West AfricaENRG; Mazi from RecyclePoints and
Ugochi from TVC News

Environmentalists clamour improved waste management strategies

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A call has gone to all tiers of government to encourage private and public partnerships through favourable policies to ensure improved waste management in the country.

Waste disposal and management has posed a major challenge to authorities in Lagos and other major cities in the country
Waste disposal and management has posed a major challenge to authorities in Lagos and other major cities in the country

Mr Alex Akhigbe, an environmentalist, who made the call during the Africa CleanUp Conference and Award that held recently in Lagos, also encouraged the delegates to develop a better approach to engaging people to get involved in community-led sanitation.

Akhigbe, who is also the Coordinator, Clean up Nigeria Project, stated in a presentation that more priority should be given to the sanitation/environmental sector to make the environment cleaner, healthier and safer for all.

““The government should create an enabling environment for people and organisations to explore the opportunities around waste management. Everyone should take up a personal social responsibility that is focused on the environment,” he stressed.

According to him, Passion House has conducted nine major clean-up exercises in Lagos State since 2010: Clean-up Ajegunle (twice), Clean-up Amukoko, Clean-up Surulere, Clean-up Oshodi, Project Clean and Recycle, Clean-up Makoko, Clean-up Mushin, and Clean-up Ketu projects. He urged every individual and stakeholder to do more for the environment.

Themed “Engaging Local Communities on Best Sustainable Practices in Sanitation and Waste Management”, the Africa CleanUp Conference, which is the first in the series, attracted delegates from across Nigeria and Africa and also provided an opportunity for delegates to acquire knowledge, share ideas and network.

The two-day forum that held 24th – 25th June 2016 featured a break-out session where stakeholders brainstormed on challenges faced by entrepreneurs and businesses in implementing a sustainable waste management strategy.

A panel discussion featuring the CEO of RecyclePoint, Mazi Ukonu; COO of WestAfricaEnrg, Lolade Oresanwo; and environmental journalist, Ugochi Oluigbo, stirred up reactions from both government agencies and other stakeholders from the waste value chain. A communique was developed from the interactions and follow-up steps are expected to be carried out with the various government agencies to ensure there is collaboration to take waste management in Africa to the next level.

The Africa Clean-up Award, which held on Day 2 of the conference, was, according to the organisers, designed to appreciate the unending efforts of individuals, organisations, and government agencies who are passionate and committed to environmental sustainability on the continent.

The event also paraded a line-up of speakers such as Desmond Majekodunni, Ola Oresanya, Paul O’Callaghan, Nosa Aigbedion, Nnimmo Bassey, Adebola Shabi, and Alison Ukonu, who spoke and interacted with delegates on how they can be more committed to the environment as Environmental Sustainability Champions.

Marketing Manager of Hypo, Jadesola Surakat, also spoke of their commitment as an organisation to environmental sustainability and how the outfit carried out several clean-up exercises in Lagos. According to her, Hypo is setting the pace for other corporate organisations when it comes to the issues of waste management and sanitation in Nigeria.

Africa CleanUp Conference & Award 2016 was organised by Passion House in partnership with Hypo. The event was also endorsed and supported by Federal Ministry of Environment, Lagos State Ministry of Environment, Africa Youth Initiative on Climate Change, Climate Wednesday, Miss Environment International and RecyclePoints.

What the National Confab agreed to on biosafety, GMOs

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During the 2014 Nigerian National Conference (Confab), three committees made recommendations with regard to handling of Biosafety in Nigeria and with particular reference to Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). As at the time of the Confab the National Biosafety Management Act 2015 (simply known as Biosafety Act 2015) had not yet been enacted. The Confab committees that considered Biosafety matters were the Agriculture and Water Resources Committee, the Environment Committee and the Science, Technology & Development Committee.

The National Confab during a session in 2014
The National Confab during a session in 2014

The Biosafety Act came into force April 2015 after former President Goodluck Jonathan assented to the Biosafety Bill. Within a year of the Act, two permits have been issued to Monsanto Agriculture Nigeria Ltd for commercial release of Bt Cotton and for confined filed trails of GMO maize.

Farmers, consumers, faith-based organisations, media, community groups and other civil society groups, including Health of Mother Earth Foundation (HOMEF), have expressed their rejection of the introduction of GMOs into Nigeria. The reasons for objecting to this development is that these crops would lead to a massive introduction of toxic chemicals into our environment, erode our biodiversity and entrap hapless farmers in the grip of the biotech industry.

We are encouraged that the Federal Ministry of Environment is considering a holistic look at the Biosafety situation in Nigeria, including the Biosafety Act itself. The recommendations of the Confab committees are weighty and it is germane for us to remind ourselves of what these committees recommended with regard to our biosafety and the matter of GMOs in Nigeria.

Here are the Sections of the Confab report referred to:

Agriculture and Water Resources Committee

5.1.7 Bio-Technology (pages 72-73 of the Confab Report)

Conference resolved as follows:

  • That adequate funding should be devoted to biotechnological research, especially those that do not 
involve cross-species genetic manipulations; and
  • That action should be expedited on the passage of the Biosafety Bill to regulate trans-boundary 
movement of genetically modified agricultural products and encourage development of improved 
varieties and breeds under ethical research environment.
  • That the Bio-safety Bill should be reviewed to include the following: (1) Public participation: It should be obligatory to ensure public participation when applications to introduce GMOs are being considered; 
(2) The Bill should specify clearly how large-scale filed trials would be contained and regulated to avoid contamination of surroundings or farms; 
(3) Besides Environmental NGOs, Farmers organisations should be represented on the Governing Board; (4) Risk Assessment: The Bill should state criteria for risk assessment and such assessments must be carried out in Nigeria and not offshore; (5) Liability and Redress should be included in the Bill bearing in mind that this is a key part to implementing the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol to the Cartagena Protocol on Bio-safety adopted in October 2010; and, (6) Precautionary principle: The Bill should include the implementation of the precautionary principle that entitles our government to decide against approval or for restriction in cases of incomplete or controversial knowledge.

Environment Committee

5.7.3 Policy Resolutions (Pages 151 & 156 of the Confab Report)

Resolutions on Institutional Framework and Enforcement

  • There must be policy and action coherence between and within government agencies to ensure 
synergy in tackling our environmental challenges;
  • Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) are not project planning approval documents but 
veritable tools for environmental protection. Accordingly, EIAs must be conducted for all major projects as stipulated in the EIA Act. Moreover, there should be detailed post project assessment requirements and approved decommissioning plans;
  • The Precautionary Principle of the Cartagena Protocol of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) prevails in discussions of modern biotechnology in agriculture and foods. Nigeria must be kept free of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as a key way to avoid biodiversity erosion and seeds colonization by agri-businesses;
  • Modern biotechnology in agriculture should be restricted to laboratories – and a regime of strict liability and redress should be in place in case of accidents;

Biodiversity (Page 156)

  • Identify biodiversity hotspots, like the wetlands and forests which have very high concentrations of native species, and which are rapidly losing habitat and species, as primary targets for conservation.
  • Ensure strict bio safety laws and particularly reject acts that could lead to invasion of alien species 
and resulting colonisation and biodiversity erosion;
  • Ensure strict liability and redress in bio-safety matters and bar untested and unregulated 
technologies including those related to genetically modified organisms (GMOs), geoengineering, 
nanotechnology in foods and agriculture and synthetic biology;

Science, Technology and Development Committee (pages 352-353 of the Confab Report)

5.19.6 Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Transfer, Diffusion, Reverse Engineering, Standardisation and Quality Assurance.1. Biodiversity and Biotechnology

Conference resolved that:

  • A National Biodiversity Conservation Authority be established. State Biodiversity Board and Local Government Biodiversity Task Forces should be created;
  • Government should discourage the use of foreign plants for afforestation, so that indigenous flora ecosystem is protected from extinction and disease;
  • Government should fast-track the passage of the Bill establishing the National Biotechnology Development Agency into Law (NABDA);
  • There is need to fast-track the passage of the bill on Biosafety, with the inclusion of provisions to cover potentially pathogenic and deleterious microorganisms. In doing so, there is a need to ensure the independence of the Biosafety Agency to guarantee its efficacy;
  • Biotechnology and Biosafety Bills should be amended to include “strict liability” provisions;
  • Biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of bio resources should be incorporated in the school 
curriculum;
  • There should be adequate and consistent funding to NABDA to enable it make the impact it should 
nationwide;
  • Deliberate steps should be taken to recruit staff with required expertise, who can add value to the 
Agency;
  • Clear incentives, conducive environment and staff welfare, should be maintained to ensure that 
staff remain productive and free of concerns which inhibit productive and innovative research and 
work;
  • States should be involved in biotechnology development, as well as the private sector to cut cost 
and also give the students the needed relevant experience;
  • There should be increased and improved training and retraining facilities and international exposure.

By Nnimmo Bassey, Director, Health of Mother Earth Foundation (HOMEF)

Ozone layer hole closing and will heal, say scientists

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The hole in the Antarctic ozone layer is beginning to close, scientists have discovered.

The hole in the ozone layer has shrunk by more than 1.7 million square miles since 2,000, according to scientists. Photo credit: NASA GODDARD
The hole in the ozone layer has shrunk by more than 1.7 million square miles since 2,000, according to scientists. Photo credit: NASA GODDARD

Researchers from the University of Leeds and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the US, have confirmed the first signs of an increase of ozone, which shields life on Earth from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays.

New findings, published on Thursday in the journal Science, show that the average size of the ozone hole each September has shrunk by more than 1.7 million square miles since 2000 – about 18 times the area of the United Kingdom.

They now predict that the hole above the South Pole will close permanently by 2050.

The improvement is down to the success of the 1987 Montreal Protocol – which banned the use of chlorofluorocarbons in aerosols and fridges.

“Observations and computer models agree; healing of the Antarctic ozone has begun,” said Dr Ryan Neely, a Lecturer in Observational Atmospheric Science at Leeds.

The ozone hole was first discovered using ground-based data that began in the 1950s and in the mid-1980s, scientists from the British Antarctic survey noticed that the October total ozone was dropping.

The hole has continued to widen ever since, peaking in 2000 at 15 million square miles and remaining fairly constant over the past 15 years, except for a few spikes.

However new modelling by the team showed that most recent spikes in ozone depletion were caused by volcanic eruptions rather than chlorine in the atmosphere and the hole is actually closing.

Professor Susan Solomon of MIT who led the research added: “We can now be confident that the things we’ve done have put the planet on a path to heal.

“We decided collectively, as a world, ‘Let’s get rid of these molecules’. We got rid of them, and now we’re seeing the planet respond.”

The ozone hole begins growing each year when the sun returns to the South Polar cap from August, and reaches its peak in October.

Co-author Dr Anja Schmidt, an Academic Research Fellow in Volcanic Impacts, said: “The Montreal Protocol is a true success story that provided a solution to a global environmental issue.”

By Sarah Knapton (Science Editor, The Telegraph)

Logging: UK sanctions Cameroon timber traders

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The UK Authorities charged with enforcing the EU timber regulations (EUTR), have taken action against 14 UK importers sourcing timber from Cameroon linked to illegal logging.

Observers insist that Cameroon's pledge to combat illegal logging needs more action and more transparency
Observers insist that Cameroon’s pledge to combat illegal logging needs more action and more transparency

This news was presented at a Chatham House meeting in London on Thursday June 16, following comparable action by the Netherlands in early March, demonstrating that timber from Cameroon is coming under increasing scrutiny in international markets.

“Cameroon’s authorities must examine this new set of sanctions and start investigating the companies in question as a first step to tackle the illegality and corruption in the timber sector. Furthermore, Cameroon must also ensure that the Voluntary Partnership Agreement co-signed with the EU is fully implemented to stop illegal logging and strengthen forest governance in Cameroon,” says Eric Ini, Forest Campaigner for Greenpeace Africa.

Cameroon’s forests are among the most species-rich in the Congo Basin, containing the region’s most biologically diverse forests, providing valuable habitat for endangered Western Lowland Gorillas, chimpanzees and forest elephants, amongst other species. Unsustainable and illegal logging is leading to deforestation, destruction of the ecosystem and diminished resilience to climate change. Creation of roads by logging companies facilitates bushmeat hunting, posing another key threat to Cameroon’s biodiversity and often preventing proper regeneration of logged forest habitats.

Uncontrolled logging operations in Cameroon are a frequent cause of social conflicts, as they frequently occur without the consent of forest dependent communities, who see their resource base destroyed with rarely any benefit in return.

Since 2010, when the Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) came into force, Cameroon’s government has reportedly made little effort to tackle illegal logging. Following the announcement of Dutch sanctions, the government was seen as publicly defended the company accused of involvement in illegal activities instead of, according to observers, examining the results of Greenpeace’s investigation into illegal logging and taking necessary action to rectify the issue.

Nonetheless, Greenpeace Africa has recently been advised by CCT that the government of Cameroon has ordered an audit targeting the company and its suppliers, though the Ministry of Forestry has yet to officially announce the audit. “We urge the government to severely sanction any company found to have acted illegally to deter other companies from indulging in similar conduct,” says Ini.

Cameroon is so far considered a “high-risk country” by some European authorities: under European law, companies importing timber into Europe must demonstrate that they have taken strong measures to minimize the risk that imported timber is sourced from illegal operations – something that is almost impossible to do when sourcing from Cameroon.

“This action by the UK government sends a clear message to the timber industry that illegal timber has no place in Britain,” said Richard George, Head of Forests, at Greenpeace UK. “Illegal logging is devastating Cameroon’s forests, and companies in the UK and other EU countries are complicit in this destruction by ignoring their responsibility to check the legality of the timber they are importing. Belgium and Italy, as the biggest importers of Cameroonian timber to the EU, must stop turning a blind eye to suspect timber and actually enforce the law.”

Europe is a major export market of timber from Cameroon and UK ranks 5th in the European community in terms of imports, receiving 64.000 m3 RWE a year. The main species exported to the UK are Sapeli, Iroko, Azobe and Ayous. It is estimated that the annual losses in revenues and assets due to illegal logging in Cameroon are $5.3 million. In some studies, these estimations appear much higher.

Pelé unveils player-powered energy challenge

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The Shell-installed kinetic football pitch at the Federal College of Education (Technical) Akoka, Lagos was in the spotlight again on Thursday June 30, 2016 as football legend Pelé teamed up with Shell to bring together Africa and Europe in a first of its kind player-powered energy game, Pelé’s Energy Challenge. The event helped launch “Make the Future London”, a festival of ideas and innovation dedicated to supporting bright energy ideas and providing a platform for innovation, collaboration and conversation about the global energy issues facing the world of today.

L-R: General Manager, Portfolio Deepwater of The Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited, Mrs. Sophie Pokima; Football Captain of the Federal College of Education (Technical) Akoka, Lagos, Master Toyin Gbolahan; and the Provost of the College, Dr. Siji Olusanya, presenting a Pele-autographed Brazil Jersey to the captain after the Pele Power The Field Challenge in Lagos... on Thursday.
L-R: General Manager, Portfolio Deepwater of The Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited, Mrs. Sophie Pokima; Football Captain of the Federal College of Education (Technical) Akoka, Lagos, Master Toyin Gbolahan; and the Provost of the College, Dr. Siji Olusanya, presenting a Pele-autographed Brazil Jersey to the captain after the Pele Power The Field Challenge in Lagos… on Thursday.

Pelé’s Energy Challenge showcased the power of innovative kinetic tile technology that converts footsteps into renewable electricity. The challenge featured two teams that comprised children from London and Lagos linked up via satellite. The more energy a player generated on the tiles the more time they had to compete, directly linking the technology to the task. Shell previously installed kinetic football pitches in Rio and Lagos, providing a safe environment for the communities to play, with floodlights powered by the players and solar panels.

The tile technology used to refurbish the pitches and power Pelé’s Energy Challenge is the invention of young British entrepreneur and founder of Pavegen, Laurence Kemball-Cook, who has been supported through Shell LiveWIRE programme.

In 2014, Shell and Pelé joined forces to launch the world’s first player powered community football pitch in Rio de Janeiro. The Lagos pitch was then opened in 2015 with the support of solar entrepreneur and global music superstar Akon; showing the local communities what can be achieved when bright energy ideas are put into action. The activity at Make the Future London celebrates these launches and reinforces the importance of turning entrepreneurial ideas into reality.

Pelé said on the launch, “I’ve seen first-hand how Shell has brought bright energy ideas to life, having helped launch the first kinetic pitch in Rio. And I’ve seen how this amazing technology has reinvigorated the community, allowing Brazilian children to follow their passion in sport and learn about future energy solutions in the process. I’m so excited to be here again and see the legacy of these pitches – how they continue to be used every day – while testing out this new energy challenge at Make the Future London.”

Osagie Okunbor, Managing Director of Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Ltd (SDPDC) and Country Chair, Shell Companies in Nigeria, said: “The tile device at Akoka is not just another football pitch. It is a powerful statement on the kind of energy ideas that Shell and SPDC have been promoting in Nigeria. We are confident that Nigerian youths will take advantage of our LiveWIRE programme and launch bright energy ideas that will help to better the lives of millions of Nigerians.”

The LiveWIRE programme was launched in Nigeria in 2003, and has since enabled young entrepreneurs to convert ideas into real businesses that create products or services as well as employment to the community. Today, LiveWIRE supports Nigeria’s National Youth Policy by encouraging and training young people to start their own businesses by providing start-up funds. To date, the programme has trained 6,200 youths in enterprise development and management, and provided business start-up grants to 3,100.

Carbon forum underlines necessities for climate response

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Success tackling climate change and achieving sustainable development in Africa will take finance, cooperation and real engagement with non-state actors, participants heard in high-level sessions that wrapped up this year’s Africa Carbon Forum in Kigali, Rwanda.

Vincent Biruta, Minister of Natural Resources of Rwanda. Photo credit: ubukungu.rw
Vincent Biruta, Minister of Natural Resources of Rwanda. Photo credit: ubukungu.rw

“Development must simply be sustainable. Otherwise it is not development,” said Vincent Biruta, Minister of Natural Resources of Rwanda. “We can only meet the Sustainable Development Goals if we deal with climate change.”

Mr. Biruta stressed the importance of cooperation, between the public, civil society and the private sector and between governments, as well as the need to ease access to multilateral support for climate action “so that national governments can focus on implementation.”

Rhoda Peace Tumusiime, the African Union’s Commissioner for Rural Economy and Agriculture, applauded the fact that most countries, in the run-up to the Paris Climate Change Agreement in December 2015, spelt out how they intend to address climate change; but she challenged countries to do more.

“We need good, coordinated effort at the country level,” said Ms Tumusiime. She also called for Africa to receive its fair share of pledged climate finance and encouraged countries to adopt policies that incentivise private sector action on climate change.

Mahama Ayariga, Minister of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation, Ghana, tore down the distinction between climate finance and all other types of finance.

“We’re really talking about climate-smart, good finance,” said Mr. Ayariga. “When we talk about climate finance we’re talking about finance in all sectors, whether roads, housing, agriculture, all finance.”

Ephraim Kamuntu, Minister for Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities, Uganda brought the dangers and costs of climate change into focus.

Uganda’s greenhouse gas emissions account for only a fraction of one percent of global emissions, but two recent events related to climate change claimed 300 lives and cost half a billion dollars to repair key infrastructure, including clinics and roads.

Uganda’s contribution to climate change is very small, “but in terms of impact, it’s out of proportion,” said Mr. Kamuntu, who called on climate funding pledges to be honored and funds made available quickly.

The head of the African Development Bank delegation, Anthony Nyong, called for streamlining of finance offerings, more rational outlays, and reduction in transaction costs associated with accessing climate finance.

Mohamed Benyahia, Director of Partnership, Communication and Cooperation, Morocco, stressed the need for integration of the non-state actors – the private sector, civil society and non-state constituencies – in the international response to climate change.

Morocco will host the next major International Climate Change Conference, in Marrakesh in November this year. Mr. Benyahia described the “vision and roadmap” of meetings and consultations aimed at integrating participation of non-state actors in the conference and the processes of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Morocco is looking to mobilise South-led initiatives and cooperation, including by engaging private sector companies and women as agents of change.

Speakers at the high-level forum that closed on Thursday highlighted the opportunity, and indeed need, for Africa to link mitigation action to resilience and green growth, in the context of the ambitious targets in the African Union’s Agenda 2063. Efforts to increase resilience, linked with economic benefits and jobs, can increase relevance of mitigation actions for local communities.

The important role of capacity-building was also raised several times in the high-level sessions, and in sessions on the previous two days of the event, especially the need for technical assistance in preparing project proposals that can attract private finance.

How drought worsens food insecurity in Southern Africa

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An estimated 41 million people – 23 per cent – of the 181 million rural population in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) are food insecure, and out of this figure, more than 21 million are in urgent need of assistance.

SADC Director for Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mrs. Margaret Nyirenda
SADC Director for Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mrs. Margaret Nyirenda

This is according to the latest Vulnerability Assessment Results released at the 10th SADC Meeting of Regional Vulnerability Assessment and Analysis (RVAA) held in Pretoria, South Africa. The Report also reveals that nearly 2.7 million children are currently suffering from severe acute malnutrition, and this figure is expected to rise significantly if support to vulnerable population is not immediately provided.

“We are deeply concerned about the scale of food insecurity in the region. We are experiencing the worst drought in the last 35 years. I call upon Member States and our development partners to act now, to avoid a further deterioration of the situation. People continue to lose their means of survival and we can lose lives if we do not act now,” said SADC Director for Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mrs. Margaret Nyirenda.

The SADC region has been hit by a devastating El Niño-induced drought, the worst in 35 years, following the failure of two consecutive rainy seasons. The severe drought conditions have already taken toll on lives and livelihoods and the situation could deteriorate further if urgent assistance is not provided.

Almost half a million drought-related livestock deaths have been reported in Botswana, Swaziland, South Africa and Zimbabwe alone. Water sources and reservoirs are severely depleted, forcing communities and their livestock to use untreated water sources.

The severe drought conditions have resulted in widespread crop failure and a decrease in cultivated area. Cereal harvest assessments indicate a nearly 9.6 million metric ton shortfall in production, with only 72 per cent of required cereals available in the region (excluding DRC, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles and Tanzania). South Africa, usually the main producer of maize in the region, is facing an estimated 2.6 million metric tons of deficit. Food prices continue to spike. Zambia is the only country currently forecasting a cereal surplus (556,000 tons) during the 2016/17 marketing year.

There are concerns about the most vulnerable communities, and especially people living with HIV and AIDS, with the region being the global epicentre of the AIDS pandemic. Lack of food and other factors could aggravate the fragile nutrition situation of vulnerable groups including people on HIV or TB treatment. Similarly, the closure of health facilities due to lack of water is likely to affect ART access and may reverse the gains made in the prevention of mother to child transmissions.

The October 2016 to March 2017 lean season is projected to be the peak of the current food insecurity. While the crop harvests from April 2016 could provide some relief, this will quickly be exhausted. Meanwhile, there is an above 70 per cent chance of a La Niña phenomenon by late 2016. This may help reduce water deficits, as well as potentially improve recovery of the agricultural sector. The prediction of La Niña also implies a likely increased risk of floods.

GCF approves $250m projects, set for leadership change

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The 13th meeting of the Board (B.13) of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) has approved its first funding proposals for 2016 totalling $256.6 million in GCF funding.

Outgoing GCF executive director Hela Cheikhrouhou. Photo credit: news.gcfund.org
Outgoing GCF executive director Hela Cheikhrouhou. Photo credit: news.gcfund.org

“The close of B.13 marks the half-way point for the GCF in 2016,” said Board Co-Chair Ewen McDonald (Australia). “Looking at what we’ve achieved so far this year – major policy gaps have been filled, we have a strategic plan, 13 new entities are accredited and now over USD 250 million in funding proposals has been approved – we’re tracking well.”

The Board on Friday in Songdo, South Korea called for more proposals with the aim of achieving its aspirational $2.5 billion approvals target in 2016.

“We still need more ambitious, paradigm-shifting proposals,” said Co-Chair Zaheer Fakir (South Africa). “B.13 has demonstrated that the GCF is ready to step up its project approvals and we want countries and accredited entities to respond by bringing us more proposals of increasing high quality and ambition.”

The nine projects approved for funding at B.13 are:

  • $21.7 million for Energy Savings Insurance (ESI) for Private Energy Efficiency Investments by Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in El Salvador with IDB
  • $20 million for De-Risking and Scaling-up Investment in Energy Efficient Building Retrofits in Armenia with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
  • $20.5 million for Large-scale Ecosystem-based Adaptation in The Gambia: Developing a Climate-Resilient, Natural Resource-based Economy in Gambia with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
  • $22.8 million for Africa Hydromet Programme – Strengthening Climate Resilience in sub-Saharan Africa: Mali Country Project with World Bank
  • $29.5 million for Improving the Resilience of Vulnerable Coastal Communities to Climate Change Related Impacts in Viet Nam with UNDP
  • $19 million for a Project to Support the World Bank’s Climate Adaptation and Mitigation Program for the Aral Sea Basin in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan
  • $36 million for Tuvalu Coastal Adaptation Project with UNDP
  • $38.1 million for Strengthening the Resilience of Smallholder Farmers in the Dry Zone to Climate Variability and Extreme Events in Sri Lanka with UNDP
  • Climate Action and Solar Energy Development Programme in the Tarapaća Region in Chile with CAF.

An important decision at the B.13 was the adoption of interim risk and investment guidelines that will help to attract proposals capable of higher leverage ratios and higher impact.

“The decision on risk and investment guidelines has the potential to unlock progress in key areas,” said McDonald. “It sends a very important signal about GCF’s risk appetite.”

GCF also announced a $200 million pilot for Enhanced Direct Access that will bolster countries’ decision-making authority over resources to support climate change projects and programmes. The Board also decided at its meeting to provide resources to countries for adaptation planning processes.

“In Paris, countries requested GCF to fast-track support for adaptation. In Songdo this week, the Board delivered,” Fakir said. “We approved seven adaptation funding proposals and direct support for national adaptation planning.”

The Board also made progress on the selection of a new Executive Director, with the expectation that a new Executive Director will be in place by the end of 2016. To ensure a smooth transition, the Board decided that the current Chief Financial Officer and Director of Support Services, Mr. Javier Manzanares, will serve as Executive Director and Interim once Ms. Héla Cheikhrouhou’s term concludes.

On the final day of the meeting, the Board paid tribute to Ms. Cheikhrouhou for her major contributions in setting up the Green Climate Fund, such as leading the mobilisation of $10 billion from 45 contributors and the successful launch of the Fund’s operations.

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