For a significant number of Americans, the reality, causes and meaning of global warming are interpreted through the lens of their religious beliefs.
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry holds his granddaughter Isabel Dobbs-Higginson as he signs the Paris Agreement on climate change, Friday, April 22, 2016
Some reject the evidence that humans are causing global warming because they believe God controls the climate.
Others believe that global warming is evidence that the world will be ending soon, and that we don’t need to worry about global warming in light of the approaching apocalypse.
These much were revealed courtesy of a recent national survey conducted in March by the George Mason University’s Centre for Climate Change Communication, Fairfax, Virginia in the US.
“At times it seems like the world is awash with apocalyptic and doomsday visions – from teen novels to Presidential campaigns to climate change itself. There are many different types of apocalyptic ideas within and across societies, which we cannot possibly do justice to here,” say the researchers who, in the course of the study, explored a few of these themes in relation to the issue of global warming.
Some highlights of the study were identified to include:
16% of Americans believe that “God controls the climate, therefore humans can’t be causing global warming.” This perspective is particularly strong among Tea Party members (37%), evangelicals and born-again Christians (30%), and Donald Trump supporters (28%).
14% of Americans say that “Global warming is a sign of the end times.” This belief is particularly strong among evangelicals and born-again Christians (24%), adults who have not completed high school (23%), and biblical literalists – who believe the Earth was created in six days, as described in the Bible, and who do not believe humans evolved from earlier species (20%).
11% of Americans say “The end times are coming, therefore we don’t need to worry about global warming.” This belief is particularly strong among evangelicals and born-again Christians (26%), Tea Party members (20%), adults who have not completed high school (18%), and people who do not believe humans evolved from earlier species (18%).
9% of Americans think “The apocalypse will happen in your lifetime.” This belief is particularly strong among adults who have not completed high school (20%), evangelicals and born-again Christians (19%), adults with an annual household income of less than $30,000 (15%), people who often watch Fox News (15%), and Hispanics (15%).
According to the researchers, financial self-interest and political ideology have long been understood as motivations leading some people and political leaders to oppose climate action.
“These results suggest that apocalyptic religious beliefs may also play a role in the American response to climate change, at least for some people. Much more research should be done on this topic,” they added.
Nnimmo Bassey, Director, Health of Mother Earth Foundation (HOMEF), says on Tuesday at a forum in Nchia-Eleme, Ogoni, that cleaning up the polluted Ogoniland is not akin to fighting a losing battle
A polluted river in the Niger Delta region
Environmental monitoring is often carried out to ensure that standards are maintained to ensure environmental and human health. In other words, we monitor to ensure that nothing goes wrong, and so that we detect when anything goes wrong. That is the standard idea of environmental monitoring.
In the case of the Niger Delta, the matter is not about what may go wrong; the situation is that everything that can go wrong has already gone wrong. What do you do when what can go wrong has gone wrong? Are we preparing to fight a losing battle? No.
We are gathered in a community whose ground water was found to have an 8 cm layer of refined petroleum products floating on it. We are gathered in the territory where the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) found the water our people drink to be polluted with benzene, a known carcinogen, at a level 900 times above World Health Organisation’s standard. We are gathered here to say that our present must be detoxified and our future must not be poisoned.
Things have gone wrong. Yes. The environment is so polluted that the Niger Delta has gained the unsavoury reputation of being one of the most polluted places on earth. We are saddled with historical, current and continuing oil spills, gas flares and toxic dumps. We have the task of monitoring to ensure that the tide of despoliation is halted. This requires physical observation. It also requires social engineering.
Physical observation can be easy when you have the right tools and the right knowledge. It is doable when you know what you are looking out for and how dangerous these could be. In essence, you are spotting the blight and at the same time keeping safe. This is one of the objectives of our monitoring training. We are also training to monitor the process of environmental remediation of Ogoni and the wider Niger Delta environment.
When the clean-up eventually begins in earnest, we want to be sure that milestones are known and that progress is measured against these milestones. We will keep our sights on national and environmental standards and insist that these are adhered to. We want to be sure that when the environmental is said to have been cleaned that it has been cleaned indeed. This is a key objective of our monitoring training.
The social engineering aspect of our training is not physical but is extremely important. It has to do with our mind-set. We have to agree that a clean environment should stay clean. We have to agree that a cleaned up environment stays clean. We have to agree that a clean environment is intrinsically more valuable that receiving cash pay-outs while remaining stuck in the mire. Staying clean is not only good for humans, it is good for other species. And many species have been decimated already and it take some lifetimes for them to recover.
We must all agree that pollution should not be come from the actions and inactions of any of the stakeholders in the Niger Delta – not the oil companies, not the contractors and not the citizens. Our mind-set must be one that accepts that a polluted environment is a threat to our health and wellbeing as well as those of future generations. This mind-set understands that a clean environment is a living environment and supports life, promotes health, peace and dignity.
That is what monitoring means to us. We are the eco-defenders determined to ensure that enough of pollution is indeed enough and now is the time to clean up and stay clean. Each training is a seed sown for a harvest of a future of hope, a future that thinks beyond today. That is the basis of our commitment. That is the basis of our call to everyone to look beyond today and even beyond tomorrow.
The Paris Climate Change Agreement set the course for the world to shift to a sustainable energy future, placing renewables at the cutting edge of the necessary transformation of the energy sector.
The costs and benefits of transitioning to a clean energy future have been the subject of much debate. New analysis from the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) highlights the recent, sometimes rapid cost reductions for solar and wind power technologies, thus showing the solid business case for renewable power generation in an increasing number of markets.
IRENA’s cost-analysis report ‘The Power to Change: Solar and Wind Cost Reduction Potential to 2025’ contains the good news that technology innovations, increased competition and pressure on supply chains will continue reducing the costs of solar and wind power and could see the cost of electricity for these technologies fall by between a quarter and around two-thirds by 2025.
This latest analysis comes on the heels of IRENA’s Innovation Week (IIW) on “The Age of Renewable Power,” held from 10 to 13 May 2016 in Bonn, Germany, which provided a global platform for thought leaders, technical experts and policy makers to share their vision on transitioning to a low-carbon future.
During the event, which was attended by 238 participants from 41 countries, IRENA mapped out current innovation for the power sector, and explored the complex relationship among different kinds of innovation and how they depend on policy.
Important partners participating in the meeting, bringing unique technical knowledge to the table, included energy companies ABB and E.ON, the German metrology institute (PTB), Siemens, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the European patent office (EPO), the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and the German aerospace centre (DLR).
The fact that the IRENA Innovation Week (IIW) took place back-to-back with the UN Bonn Climate Change Conference allowed climate experts to engage in a key energy discussion, and the findings of IIW 2016 were subsequently put to good use in informing the climate discussions. IIW 2016 findings were also presented during the UNFCCC Technology Executive Committee (TEC) sessions.
The message that emerged from the discussions is that the technology to push a global renewable energy transformation in the next two decades is already here, but more innovation is needed in policy formulation and business models.
Ministers from Guinea, the Central African Republic, Côte d’Ivoire, and Ghana have voiced their commitments to restore 11.5 million hectares of degraded forests at a high-level roundtable in Kigali, Rwanda.
IUCN’s Director General Inger Andersen. Photo credit: pinterest.com
The “Africa High-Level Bonn Challenge Roundtable” was convened by the Government of Rwanda, the East African Community (EAC) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to build regional cooperation on the Bonn Challenge – a global effort to restore 150 million hectares of deforested and degraded lands by 2020 and 350 million hectares by 2030.
The pledges comprise two million hectares from the Republic of Guinea, 3.5 million hectares from the Central African Republic, five million hectares from Côte d’Ivoire, and an additional one million hectares from Ghana, who had already committed one million hectares. The Republic of Congo also reaffirmed its commitment to restore two million hectares. These new pledges bring the total amount of land committed by countries, companies and organisations for restoration under the Bonn Challenge to over 107 million hectares.
“We recognise the importance of the engagement of the international community for the implementation of the Bonn Challenge in our country,” says Christine Sagno, Minister of Environment, Water Resources and Forestry, Guinea. “Forest landscape restoration will help us achieve our international commitments, particularly to the UNFCCC, the UNCCD and the CBD.”
Along with the Republic of Congo, other national governments in Africa had earlier pledged their support for the Bonn Challenge, totalling 55.3 million hectares for the region. This includes Burundi (two million hectares), Democratic Republic of Congo (8 million hectares), Ethiopia (15 million hectares), Kenya (5.1 million hectares), Niger (3.2 million hectares), Rwanda (two million hectares), Uganda (2.5 million hectares), Liberia (one million hectares), Madagascar (one million hectares) and Mozambique (one million hectares).
“The beauty of the forest landscape restoration approach lies in the immense benefits that flow from these revitalised lands,” says Inger Andersen, IUCN Director General. “We are focussed on a transition to sustainable land use through climate-smart agriculture, agroforestry and silvopasture. IUCN will continue to support countries throughout Africa in this process.”
In addition to contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals, efforts to restore forests contribute to the Paris Agreement on climate change, the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and the Zero Net Land Degradation goal. The roundtable played a key role in highlighting the multiple benefits of forest landscape restoration (FLR) and its potential to help countries tackle poverty, improve food and energy security, and mitigate climate change.
“Côte d’Ivoire recognises that through forest landscape restoration it is possible to reduce the negative effects of climate change in the country while creating opportunities to improve livelihoods from rural communities,” says Zana Inzan Ouattara, Assistant Specialist on REDD+, Côte d’Ivoire.
“The Central African Republic recognises the importance of forest landscape restoration for carbon sequestration, conservation of biodiversity and restoration of degraded forests,” says Vincent Kongo, Director of Cabinet, Central African Republic. “Expertise from IUCN is welcomed through the IUCN FLR Hub in Rwanda.”
Rwanda’s Ministry of Natural Resources (MINIRENA) and the German Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety provided support for this event. The roundtable was held in conjunction with a technical workshop on FLR research hosted by the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) and the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
Driven by political will and regional institutions, a host of high-level processes are emerging to support the Bonn Challenge and FLR. Ministers from Latin America met in El Salvador in August 2015 and are meeting in Panama in August 2016, and an Asia Pacific meeting is slated for February 2017 in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Importantly, multi-country initiatives such as The Restoration Initiative (TRI), supported by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and led by IUCN in partnership with UNEP and FAO, are catalysing implementation and creating avenues for collaboration.
More Bonn Challenge pledges are expected to be announced at the IUCN World Conservation Congress 2016 taking place in Hawaiʻi from 1 to 10 September.
The race to end malnutrition requires clean water, good sanitation and good hygiene, WaterAid said in a statement on Tuesday, calling for action as world leaders meet in Rio to open the Olympic Games. WaterAid’s new report, “Caught Short”, looks at stunting from malnutrition around the world and the links to low rates of access to clean water and good sanitation.
Dr. Michael Ojo, WaterAid Nigeria’s Country Representative
Currently 159 million children in the world are stunted as a result of malnutrition, their cognitive and physical growth damaged irreversibly by their inability to obtain and absorb the nutrients they need. Some 50% of malnutrition is linked to infections, worm infestations and diarrhoeal illnesses caused by dirty water, poor sanitation and a lack of hygiene including handwashing with soap.
Nigeria ranks second in the world for having the greatest number of children under five suffering from stunted growth – 10.3 million, or 33% of children under five. About 31% of the population in Nigeria do not have access to clean water and 71% do not have access to decent sanitation.
WaterAid Nigeria’s Country Director, Dr. Michael Ojo, said: “The evidence is clear: children’s health and future potential are compromised when they have no choice but to grow up without clean water, decent toilets and good hygiene practices. Even if children survive their dangerous early years, repeated bouts of diarrhoea early in life are likely to leave them stunted, leaving Nigeria, and Africa as a whole, deprived of a new generation of great leaders, thinkers and athletes. World leaders have promised to end malnutrition and deliver water and sanitation to everyone, everywhere by 2030. They must keep their promises – one cannot be met without the other.”
World leaders and prominent current and former Olympians will meet at the Second High Level Summit on Nutrition on 4 August ahead of the opening ceremonies of the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to bring attention to the importance of good nutrition. The Nutrition for Growth Summit is the biggest global event between now and 2020 to address the devastating burden of undernutrition and it is set to evaluate progress that has been made in addressing undernutrition since 2013 and build on those commitments with the necessary financial support in order to ensure the ambition of the SDGs to end malnutrition in all its forms can be realised.
WaterAid supporter, Zambian athlete and Olympic medallist Samuel Matete said: “In my work promoting sport among children, the difference between children who have clean water, decent toilets and good hygiene at home, and those who don’t, is very clear. What is most upsetting is that typhoid, cholera and malnutrition are preventable, and we have the tools to do this. Water is life, and sanitation is dignity, and we must deliver these to everyone, even the world’s poorest, as part of the race to end malnutrition.”
Despite Africa’s slowdown, property developers and private equity funds continue to pour investment into the continent, but with more focused strategies, industry practitioners have said.
The Sandton Convention Centre in Johannesburg, South Africa will host the conference
“Over $1,2 billion has been raised and allocated to real estate investment in Africa over the past year and we expect this trend to continue,” said Kfir Rusin, General Manager of the upcoming Africa Property Investment Summit.
Commenting on the global capital flows making their mark on African real estate, Peter Welborn, chairman of Knight Franks’ Africa business said: “The underlying investment theme across sub-Saharan Africa, over the next decade will undoubtedly be driven by substantial allocations of equity, into JV’s with successful local partners. Both the west African retail sector as well as the southern and east Africa logistics sectors will be high on the hit list of international capital.”
The last year has seen Actis, RMB Westport, Novare, Phatisa and Growthpoint successfully raising capital from global funds such as GIC Singapore, Grosvenor (USA), The IFC, CDC Group (UK) among other international funds.
The Africa Property Investment (API) Summit is the leading African focused real estate forum, which brings together influential property players from around the continent. The API Summit offers developers and investors access to new development strategies, a chance to showcase projects and meet with new sources of capital across sub-Saharan Africa. The summit is the perfect opportunity to leverage off the expertise and knowledge of key industry players.
“This year’s summit will feature various discussions on innovative strategies and collaboration, as well as showcasing new real estate opportunities and projects across Africa. Whilst uncertainty remains, we believe that African property is still poised for growth, albeit at a lower but more sustainable level,” says Rusin.
The effects of the currency and liquidity crises have been sharply felt across the continent but most notably in the larger oil driven commodity exporting countries. This has resulted in a shift towards economic diversification and countries in the East African region providing more economic stability than others. Although there has been a slowdown across Africa, one of the continents’ largest funds remain optimistic. Bronwyn Corbett, CEO of Mara Delta says, “The company remains bullish under the African growth story. We have built extensive IP into our target countries and see tremendous growth in these markets that we are levering to build an Africa powerhouse real estate fund. Focus is on the strength of the counter party and mitigation of risks to build a quality portfolio and deliver substantial returns to shareholders.”
“We can already confirm over 500 delegates from over 30 different countries. We have noticed substantial growth in delegate numbers, with a 30% increase in attendance and a large international contingent compared to previous years. We see real estate and related industries as an important contributor to GDP in Africa and therefore we expect this trend to continue in future years,” concluded Rusin.
The two-day conference will be held from 18-19 August 2016 at the Sandton Convention Centre in Johannesburg and will feature speakers from Broll, CBRE, Mara Delta, Knight Frank, Old Mutual, STANLIB, Standard Bank, Novare, RMB Westport, JLL, CDC Group, ALN, ITL, Growthpoint, UPDC, Britam, Fusion Capital, and Heriot Properties.
Key sessions at the API Summit will include: The Role of global capital in Africa , Africa’s Retail reality check, Logistics & Industrial sector making its mark as well as focused discussions on countries such as Rwanda, Ivory Coast and Tanzania.
Civil society organisations have welcome the progress made at the international negotiations for phasing down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) which ended on a high at the weekend in Vienna, Austria, where countries reaffirmed their commitments and sent what looked like a strong signal that climate action is a priority following the signing of the Paris Agreement.
In Vienna, countries committed to do everything they can to get HFCs phase down amendment in 2016. Photo credit: Gina McCarthy/Twitter
An agreement to amend the Montreal Protocol to cut potent heat-trapping chemicals used in refrigerants, air-conditioners and insulants has been nearly seven years in the making and now seems highly likely to be settled this year.
Following these latest round of negotiations, a deal will likely be struck when the Parties to the Montreal Protocol meet in October in Kigali, Rwanda. Observers believe that It may be the most important climate action of the year and demonstrate a united front towards fighting climate change just weeks before countries meet in Morocco in November for COP 22.
“An agreement this year to phasedown future consumption and production of HFCs would be a huge climate victory. China is working constructively with the US, Latin America, Europe, and other parties to reach a deal that will provide a clear timetable for transitioning to climate-friendly alternatives and strengthen finance for developing countries’ transitions,” said Alvin Lin, China Climate and Energy Policy Director, NRDC China.
Expectations from Vienna were high as negotiators drafted the language of the agreement and worked on resolving details pertaining to additional funding to assist developing countries stay on track with their HFC commitments, calculating baselines, and determining timelines and schedules to freeze HFCs.
“It’s been great to see countries across the board show increasing flexibility to resolve some of the difficult issues. Specifically, progress has been made on agreeing an early freeze date for ending the use of HFCs, a baseline from which to start the phasedown and potential national reduction targets,” said Benson Ireri, Senior Advocacy and Policy Officer, Climate Change and Sustainable Agriculture, Africa Division, Christian Aid.
While Climate Action Network commends the progress in Vienna and little now seems to stands in the way to Kigali, the group stressed that it is imperative that countries stay focused on an ambitious agreement by working constructively to fill the gaps that remain and not losing sight of the fact that phasing down HFCs, the fastest growing greenhouse gases, could help avoid 0.5C warming by 2100.
“Though countries are ready to sign an agreement to phasedown HFCs this year, the proposals on the table are not ambitious enough. Countries need to agree on an ambitious phasedown schedule
that will allow rapid reduction in HFC use in developed countries and enable developing countries to leapfrog to safer, energy efficient alternatives. This is the only way the Montreal Protocol can meaningfully contribute to reducing global warming,” said Chandra Bhushan, Deputy Director General, Centre for Science and Environment, India.
Nigeria’s Minister of Water Resources, Suleiman Adamu, has restated the Federal Governments’ commitment towards increasing access to potable water for all Nigerians by 2030. Adamu said this on the sidelines of the just concluded sixth Africa Water Week in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
Suleiman Adamu, African Water Facility (AWF) Chair and Nigeria’s Minister of Water Resources
He said that without universal access to safe water and sanitation, poverty and inequality cannot be eradicated in any country.
“We are working to ensure that all Nigerians have access to potable water by 2030 through urban water sector reform programme.
“We realise that implementing the first and second urban water reform programmes have resulted in moderate success and improved piped water supply and if we put in more effort, we can achieve more.”
Adamu said that the results from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) showed that Nigeria was not able to meet its target due to sole reliance on budgetary allocation. He said Nigeria would soon launch the National Programme on Partnerships for Expanded Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (PEWASH), aimed at meeting Sustainable Development Goal 6 on universal access to water and sanitation.
This programme, according to the Minister, is intended to be a partnership between the three tiers of government, development partners and communities to commit funds and mobilise towards meeting SDG 6 by 2030.
“We have also realised that one of the reasons why Nigeria failed to meet the MDGs was because we have been relying only on budgetary allocation from the three tiers of government.
“Due to dwindling resources, there is a huge challenge of scaling up and this is why we must include all other stakeholders.”
He said Nigeria needed to take the lead on its issues, rather than relying only on development partners; adding that Nigeria would do everything possible to reform the water sector because of its centrality to health, agriculture, and other areas of development.
The minister said the Ministry of Water Resources has created a data bank and census for water supply and sanitation for all water infrastructures in the country. He emphasised the need for attitudinal change toward public utilities, saying Nigeria must begin to see the importance of paying for water consumed.
He also stressed the role of political will and commitment from state actors and chief executives in funding water projects; commending the World Bank and other development partners for funding water projects in the country and pledging government`s commitment to increasing fund allocation to water.
Meanwhile, civil society organisations under the banner of Africa Civil Society Network on Water and Sanitation (ANEW), called for an ambitious roadmap to achieving sustainable development goals on water and sanitation as necessary for national development plans of African countries.
Presenting a statement to African Governments through the African Ministers’ Council on Water (AMCOW), the coalition highlighted the urgent need to prioritise water sanitation and hygiene if nations are to achieve Africa’s vision of optimising resources for all Africans and leaving no one behind.
The organisation called on governments to ensure that the commitments of the Ngor declaration on water security and sanitation are aligned to national level implementation plans for achieving Goal 6; challenging governments to ensure a stronger role of civil society at various levels for coordination, communication and improved accountability.
Representing WaterAid CEO Barbara Frost, Head of WaterAid East Africa Region Lydia Zigomo challenged governments and stakeholders to utilise the 6th Africa Water Week to agree on a roadmap that will ensure transformational change. “It cannot be business as usual; we need to increase the pace at all levels in order to reach everyone everywhere in Africa by 2030,” remarked Zigomo.
WaterAid Nigeria’s Head of Governance, Tolani Busari, spoke at the forum about deepening inequalities in the country stressing that WASH specific programming must be combined with programming that tackles the structural causes of inequality and exclusion. She commended the Nigerian government for its efforts so far but highlighted that while the government was moving in the right direction, there remained lots of opportunities to address the widening WASH gaps that remain.
The 6th Africa Water Week (AWW-6), organised by African Ministers’ Council on Water (AMCOW), aspires to lay the building blocks for Africa to achieve SDG 6 as well as other inter-linking SDGs connected with water resources management. The week represents a political commitment at the highest level for creating platform to discuss and collectively seek solutions to Africa’s water and sanitation challenges.
Besides the branding of cows to avoid incidences of rustling, a gathering of civil society players has also demanded for the fast-tracking of the enactment of the legislation against open grazing of livestock in Benue State. These ideas formed part of a series of recommendations arrived at last Tuesday after a daylong Dialogue On Peace-Building between indigenous farmers and insurgent herdsmen in Markurdi, the state capital.
A Fulani herdsmn
While ensure that a census of livestock is taken at borders as an interim measure pending the passage of the National Grazing Reserve Bill into law, participants at the workshop organised by the Angel Support Foundation (ASF) likewise want herdsmen to revert to the use of sticks and knives instead of sophisticated weapons in the interim pending the passage of the bill, which recently scaled the Second Reading at the National Assembly in Abuja.
Observers believe that the Tiv/Fulani crisis has become one of the most devastating catastrophes that have bedevilled the state after the Tiv/Jukum crisis of neighbouring Taraba State. Local Government Areas (LGAs) such as Logo, Guma, Agatu, Buruku, Tarka, Kwande, Ukum and a host of others have come under severe attacks arising from the calamity.
As a consequence, lives and property have been destroyed, with women and children bearing much of the attendant consequences. Participants cited the case of the recent incidence in Agatu that resulted in the killing of pregnant women, children and the youth, as well as the destruction of shelter and disruption of farming activities – the lifeline of Benue indigenes. Resulting from the crisis, farmlands were deserted, as indigenous farmers fled for their lives.
The forum, which had stakeholders drawn from government Ministries, Department and Agencies (MDAs), civil society, Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), herdsmen, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the media, attempted to explore the immediate and remote causes of the crisis in the state with a view to coming up with workable solutions to curtail, mitigate and prevent future occurrence of the crisis in communities where they have been curtailed. The meeting was also aimed at developing a Tiv/Fulani peace pact.
Armed Fulani herdsmen: Participants at the forum want herdsmen to revert to the use of sticks and knives instead of sophisticated weapons in the interim pending the passage of the bill
Lead discussant, Gideon Inyom, stressed that the relationship between the Tivs and Fulanis existed for over 100 years, but that it (the relationship) had gone sour for about a decade now. Inyom explained how the Fulanis were hitherto guests in Tiv land and then suddenly became landlords. He attempted to unravel the reason for the twisted relationship and the need for a lasting solution.
Indeed, the forum identified the major cause of the crisis to include over stressed land within the Benue valley, worsened by the fact that the Fulanis are usually around only during the dry season.
Arido Boyiri, a representative of the herdsmen, informed the house that the Fulanis came into Benue in 1943 and that most of them were born and brought up in the state. He appealed to the government to take criminal acts more seriously, underlining the need to arrest and timely prosecute those who cause trouble in communities. He agreed to collaborate with the government to identify the strange Fulanis, and also come up with a concrete data base of Fulanis who graze within the Benue valley.
Mary Sewuese Ugbaa, Executive Director of ASF, lamented that the Tiv-Fulani crisis has been a continuous predicament that has distorted the peace and harmony that was hitherto enjoyed in the state. According to her, past efforts to address the unsavoury development had failed to yield the desired result.
“We strongly desire to make meaningful contributions based on what we know is true. We also hope that at the end of the day we would have generated enough ideas towards the development of a Benue State / Fulani Peace Compact containing all our agreed decisions so as to work with the government in fostering sustainable peace in these communities and Benue at large,” she said, adding:
“Today’s event is a first step in a series of events, as we intend to continually hold forums like this regularly to deliberate on the topical issues bordering the lives of our people within communities in Benue State in particular and Nigeria in general.”
The forum suggested that, in order to find a lasting solution to the problem, the Nasarawa State Government should be involved in issues of peace building, resulting from the shared boundary and the movement of Fulanis.
Participants insisted that the principal duty of government is the protection of lives and property and that, as a result of the crisis, the needs of the IDPs is not just a plate of food but a shelter over their head.
On building lasting peace between the indigenous farmers and insurgent herdsmen (Tiv/Fulani), it was agreed that issues of ranching of cattle, enhancement of security apparatus in the state, effective communication, and a cattle census be given proper attention.
Other recommendations at the forum were listed to include:
Coalition of NGOs working against insurgency and insolvency to provide a common front in tackling the problems between farmers and herders
Effective warning systems and response to be put in place in the communities prone to attacks
Provision of effective security at border posts, local vigilantes, Joint-Task Force established
Synergy between border states and Benue, the amnesty programme be replicated in neighbouring states
Engaging the telecom players in involving in social responsibility by providing toll-free emergency lines
Imperative of a Benue State / Fulani Peace Compact to sustain peace
Enlightenment of communities across the state on patriotism and selflessness
Proscribed punishment for promoters and actors in the crisis
The CSOs and NGOs and MDAs should have a synergy in managing the conflicts and running of the IDPs and humanitarian efforts
Increased security presence in the local communities especially the conflict prone areas, that is establishment of barracks and other formations will be of help
Provision of agricultural inputs to aid internally displaced persons in addition to the foodstuffs and building materials in rebuilding them rather than occasional visits
Enlightenment of non-affected communities on security measures
Provision of shelter for affected communities like it is done by the UNHCR in the state
Provision of adequate security to the IDPs
Goodwill messages were delivered by representatives of the Benue State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, UNHCR, Justice Development and Peace Commission (JDPC) and State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA).
A conceptual structure agreed upon by Nile Basin riparian countries for organising policies, strategies and guidelines for sustainable management and development of the Nile River Basin some five years ago has enabled speedy development within the basin region.
Nzoia River within the Nile Basin
Talking to members of the Pan African Media Alliance for Climate Change (PAMACC) at the sixth session of the Africa Water Week (AWW-6) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, John Rao Nyoro, the Executive Director for the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI), said that the Nile Basin Sustainability Framework (NBSF) is now benefiting all the 10 riparian states.
This comes after government officials from other countries attending the AWW-6 confessed that developing projects over trans-boundary shared resources was proving to be difficult, given the political landscape, frequent change of governments due to periodic elections in the neighbouring countries, and different prevailing policies.
“While it is not a legal framework, the NBSF which is a suite of policies, strategies, and guidance documents – functions as a guide to national policy and planning process development and seeks to build consensus among countries that share the resource,” Nyaoro told the journalists.
The skeptical leaders at the AWW-6 singled out the longstanding dispute between Tanzania and Malawi about Lake Nyasa, in which an agreement for a project on the shared water resource has lasted over 40 years without a deal, and the grand mega power generating project in the Democratic Republic of Congo known as INGA, which has stalled for over 40 years.
“What we did at the Nile Basin was to bring together all the stakeholders, and then we asked them to develop a framework that was going to govern activities along the basin, with reference to existing policies at country levels,” said Nyaoro.
As a result, the Nile Council of Ministers approved the NBSF in 2011, which has laid down NBI’s approach to developing guiding principles for water resource management and development across the Nile Basin countries.
“Today, a country like Uganda, which previously imported rice from Kenya, may soon start exporting the product to Kenya after it developed its wetlands, and is now farming rice more than before,” said Nyaoro.
He said that the most important thing was to have all the riparian countries benefit from the basin.
“Without the NBSF, there would be no consistent guidance for the sustainable development of new investments and no coherent guidance for the achievement of cooperation in sustainable water management and development,” he said.
