Governments have been asked to put laws in place to enable communities’ initiatives take leadership role in conservation efforts.

Ken Kinney, Executive Director Ghana Development Institute, noted that, by enacting laws, the governments would empower communities to focus on energy and food nutrition programmes.

“This will let the communities assume ownership hence diversify concentration in conservation matters,” Kinney said during a press conference in the sidelines of the ongoing Convention of Biodiversity’s (CBD) Conference of Parties in Egypt during the launch of a new briefing paper by the Global Forest Coalition (GFC).

He said that, besides giving incentives to foreign investors in timber and mining sectors, local communities need to be supported fully as the custodian of the natural resources.

Kinney noted that the rate of deforestation has grown high in Africa due to failure to incorporate indigenous people who have indigenous knowledge of conserving the environment.

“The communities should be considered by the government for support to help conserve biodiversity,” he added.

The paper attributed the leading cause of deforestation and biodiversity loss to giving incentives to produce and export meat and animal feed stocks like soy.

It noted that such subsidies must be phased out by 2020 to conserve biodiversity, in line with the Aichi Target 3 (4), while positive incentives should be developed to support alternatives.

Dr. Simone Lovera-Bilderbeek, GFC’s director, noted that European Union’s (EU) imports are directly incentivizing unsustainable meat production that is likely to further increase deforestation.

“There is need for a rapid reduction in meat and dairy consumption and incentives for small scale, localised and ecological sound food production and community conservation initiatives to support biodiversity conservation as an alternative,” she said.

She further said that meat and soy are the top two contributors to deforestation that must be eliminated as a financial and other support for these sectors.

Lovera-Bilderbeek noted that 90 percent of biodiversity are found in the forest hence the need to conserve al forests.

“We require a new and rapid shift towards consuming other foods that are not necessarily meat and dairy products to increase conservation of biodiversity,” she said.

The authors of the paper observed that incentives to produce and export meat and animal feed stocks in major producer countries like Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina are a leading cause of deforestation and biodiversity loss.

They singled out Brazil as one of the countries with the highest deforestation rates on the planet.

Between 2005 and 2015, the Brazilian government invested 3.18 billion dollars in the livestock industry, 90 percent of which went to just three corporations.

According to the paper, in 2017, 48 billion dollars went to agribusiness companies in the form of cheap credit. But in comparison, only 115.6 million dollars was allocated to combatting deforestation and forest degradation.

The study was also done in Tanzania, Ghana, Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda.

By Duncan Mboyah, Sharm El Sheikh

Around 15 percent of terrestrial and 7 percent of marine areas are now covered by protected areas, a report released by the UN Environment shows.

Naomi Kingston, Head of Protected Areas Programme at the UN Environment, said that the move shows that the world is on track to meet important conservation targets.

“By July 2018, more than 20 million km2 of the earth’s land surface and nearly 27 million km2 of marine areas had been designated as protected Areas – locations that receive protection to achieve the long-term conservation of nature,” Kingston told journalists during the launch of the protected planet report 2018 on the sidelines of the UN Biodiversity Conference in Sharm El Sheikh Egypt.

Kingston observed that this represents an increase in 0.2 percent of terrestrial and 3.2 percent of marine areas since the last report was published in 2016.

She noted that the continued growth in protected areas around the world is essential for the future of biodiversity adding that the great increases in protection of the marine environment over the past two years will play a key role in restoring the health of the ocean, that is being achieved due to a strong collaboration between countries, non-governmental organisations and international organisations.

The Protected Planet Report 2018 reviews the progress of Aichi Biodiversity Target 11, which aims for the effective and equitable management of 17 percent of terrestrial and 10 percent of coastal and marine areas by 2020.

Cristiana Pasca-Palmer, Executive Secretary, Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), called on countries to make resolutions on protecting areas with urgency to meet the deadline.

“You have two years of ‘low hanging mangoes’ to pursue the set goals and report back within the time frame,” Pasca-Palmer added.

She said that then report shows that the world is on track to meet the coverage aspect of target 11, and emphasises the needs to meet other aspects by 2020.

Kathy MacKinnon, Chair, IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, called for the recognition and supports the efforts being made by indigenous peoples and local communities, as well as private actors who conserve critical areas.

She said that protected Planet provides the essential information for decision-makers to base their decisions on achieving the existing targets by 2020, and most importantly to inform the approach for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework.

“Protection of these areas are to help conserve biodiversity whereas on 20 percent are currently protected in countries,” Mackinnon said.

She revealed that, for every 10 years, 10 newly protected areas are added in the list of the so far protected areas.

Mackinnon however said that the increase is encouraging but urged countries to focus on expanding the areas and confer the benefits to the communities.

Hany El Shaer, Regional Programme coordinator with the World Heritage and Business and Biodiversity Programme, protection of areas in the Middle East remains elusive due to sporadic wars witnessed in the region.

“We try to bring countries together, but some are undermining our effort as they fail to visit certain countries that are not their allies in the global set up,” Shaer noted.

He said that there remain significant challenges to achieve all elements of Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 in the region even as other countries make important strides into achieving the goal.

“Shaer noted that there remains a huge task to protecting the areas in the region and called for support to achieve the set goal,” he added.

The report shows that fishing is now banned in 432,000 square miles of Antarctic reserve, in attempt to preserve over 16,000 species, including the Adelie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) and Minke Whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis).

In addition to hosting the report, there is now a new interactive digital version, highlighting key findings, and providing monthly updates to track progress.

The UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the National Geographic Society (NGS) partnered in compiling and releasing the Protected Planet Report 2018.

By Duncan Mboyah, Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt

The 2018 UN Biodiversity Conference opened on Saturday, November 17, 2018 in the seaside town of Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt with an opening ceremony that included an address from President of Egypt, Abdel Fattah Saeed Hussein Khalil el-Sisi, who emphasised the crucial importance of the meeting for Egypt, and for global efforts for sustainable development.

Only two years remain in the commitment period for the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020. Over the next two weeks, governments will be urged to ramp up their ambitions and actions to achieve action on the 20 targets they established in Nagoya, Japan in 2010.

At this year’s conference, national governments, regional organisations, and other key stakeholders from around the world will engage in intense discussions with the goal of making a final push to achieve agreed upon global biodiversity targets for 2020 and to start the momentum for an ambitious and achievable post-2020 global biodiversity framework.

Dr. Cristiana Paşca Palmer, Executive Secretary of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, emphasised the critical urgency for the international community to work together to preserve global biodiversity now. “If we do not act, we soon may reach tipping points that may cause irreversible destruction to nature and ultimately to humankind”.

The meeting convenes in the 25th year of entry into force of the Convention.  During those years, decisions taken by governments have resulted in a global network of protected areas, 15 per cent for land and close to six per cent of the global oceans, and the development of important policy guidance and legislation for natural resource conservation and sustainable use regulation.

Despite these successes, strong evidence suggests that there is insufficient action taking place. Regional reports and other assessments from the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), released in March, showed that in every region, with the exception of a number of positive examples where lessons can be learned, biodiversity and nature’s capacity to contribute to people are being degraded, reduced and lost due to a number of common pressures – habitat stress; overexploitation and unsustainable use of natural resources; air, land and water pollution; increasing numbers and impact of invasive alien species and climate change, among others.

The “Living Planet Report 2018” by WWF also found that worldwide vertebrate populations are currently set to decline by 60 per cent from their 1970 levels by 2020.

Egypt takes the helm of the Convention for the pivotal next two years, following on the work of Mexico which held the presidency from 2016 until now. This year’s meeting of the Conference of Parties is being chaired by H.E. Yasmine Fouad, Minister of Environment of Egypt.

H.E. Yasmine Fouad said: “Nature and humanity are not separate entities, and Africa is leading the way on the post-2020 global biodiversity framework.”

Delegates to the meetings plenary also heard messages from United Nations officials including the President of the United Nations General Assembly, María Fernanda Espinosa Garcés, and the Deputy Secretary-General, Amina J. Mohammed.  Both stressed the importance of biodiversity protection for achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and the need for a robust follow-up to the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity.

Discussions in Sharm el Sheikh will also seek to expand coalition of actors to explore innovative approaches and find ways to scale and accelerate initiatives to protect nature.  The Governments of Egypt and China, along with the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity have announced the Sharm el Sheikh to Beijing Action Agenda for Nature and People to collect, coordinate, and celebrate actions taken by an array of stakeholders to protect biodiversity: (www.cbd.int/cop/cop-14/annoucement/nature-action-agenda-egypt-to-china-en.pdf).

Governments will present plans to bring biodiversity and nature into the heart of decision-making in the crucial economic sectors of mining and energy, infrastructure, processing and manufacturing and health.  H.E. José Octavio Tripp Villanueva, Ambassador of Mexico to Egypt, and representing the COP 13 Presidency, said: “From Cancun to Sharm el Sheikh, the mainstreaming of the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity into productive sectors has gained momentum, giving testimony to the power of positive and inclusive unilateralism.”

The conference also includes discussions on the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, on the labeling, transport and handling of GMOs, and the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilisation.

In addition, Sir Paul McCartney delivered a message on the importance of reducing meat consumption and thanked the conference for committing to two “Meatless Mondays” – days where meat would not be served on the site.

National Geographic and WWF International also provided videos to the plenary, with WWF International underscoring the need for delegates to seek an ambitious global framework to combat nature loss.