The Government of the United Kingdom confirmed on Wednesday, July 26, 2017 that it will end the sale of all new conventional petrol and diesel cars and vans by 2040, as it unveiled new plans to tackle air pollution.

The UK Plan for Tackling Roadside Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations produced by the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (Defra) and the Department for Transport outlines how councils with the worst levels of air pollution at busy road junctions and hotspots must take robust action.

Wednesday’s announcement is focused on delivering nitrogen dioxide (NO2) compliance at the roadside in the shortest amount of time. This, according to the Government, is one part of its programme to deliver clean air – next year it says it will publish a comprehensive Clean Air Strategy which will address other sources of air pollution.

In a statement issued on Wednesday, the authorities say air quality in the UK has been improving significantly in recent decades, with reductions in emissions of all of the key pollutants, and NO2 levels down by half in the last 15 years.

Despite this, an analysis of over 1,800 of Britain’s major roads show that a small number of these – 81 or 4% – are due to breach legal pollution limits for NO2, with 33 of these outside of London.

To accelerate action, local areas will be asked to produce initial plans within eight months and final plans by the end of next year.

The Government adds that it will help towns and cities by providing £255 million to implement their plans, in addition to the £2.7 billion we are already investing.

Due to the highly localised nature of the problem local knowledge will be crucial in solving pollution problems in these hotspots. The government will require councils to produce local air quality plans which reduce nitrogen dioxide levels in the fastest possible time.

Local authorities will be able to bid for money from a new Clean Air Fund to support improvements which will reduce the need for restrictions on polluting vehicles. This could include changing road layouts, removing traffic lights and speed humps, or upgrading bus fleets.

Air pollution continues to have an unnecessary and avoidable impact on people’s health and evidence shows that poor air quality is the largest environmental risk to public health in the UK, costing the country up to £2.7 billion in lost productivity in 2012, notes the statement.

The UK is one of 17 EU countries said to be breaching annual targets for nitrogen dioxide, a problem which has been made worse by the failure of the European testing regime for vehicle emissions.

The government will also issue a consultation in the autumn to gather views on measures to support motorists, residents and businesses affected by local plans – such as retrofitting, subsidised car club memberships, exemptions from any vehicles restrictions, or a targeted scrappage scheme for car and van drivers.

Measures considered will need to target those most in need of support, provide strong value for the taxpayer and be resistant to fraud.

Environment Secretary, Michael Gove, was quoted as saying: “Today’s plan sets out how we will work with local authorities to tackle the effects of roadside pollution caused by dirty diesels, in particular nitrogen dioxide.

“This is one element of the government’s £3 billion programme to clean up the air and reduce vehicle emissions.

“Improving air quality is about more than just transport, so next year we will publish a comprehensive Clean Air Strategy. This will set out how we will address all forms of air pollution, delivering clean air for the whole country.”

Transport Secretary, Chris Grayling, said: “We are determined to deliver a green revolution in transport and reduce pollution in our towns and cities.

“We are taking bold action and want nearly every car and van on UK roads to be zero emission by 2050 which is why we’ve committed to investing more than £600 million in the development, manufacture and use of ultra-low emission vehicles by 2020.

“Today, we commit £100 million towards new low emission buses and retrofitting older buses with cleaner engines.

“We are also putting forward proposals for van drivers to have the right to use heavier vehicles if they are electric or gas-powered, making it easier for businesses to opt for cleaner commercial vehicles.

“Local authorities will have access to a range of options to tackle poor air quality in their plans such as changing road layouts to reduce congestion, encouraging uptake of ultra-low emissions vehicles and retrofitting public transport.

“If these measures are not sufficient to ensure legal compliance, local authorities may also need to consider restrictions on polluting vehicles using affected roads.

This could mean preventing polluting vehicles using some of these roads at certain times of the day or introducing charging, as the Mayor of London has already announced.

“The Government is clear that local authorities should exhaust other options before opting to impose charging. Any restrictions or charging on polluting vehicles should be time-limited and lifted as soon as air pollution is within legal limits and the risk of future breaches has passed.

“Plans will be assessed by government to make sure they are effective, fair, good value and will deliver the required improvements in air quality in the shortest time possible. If local plans do not meet that test, government will require councils to take action to achieve legal compliance.”

Government is supporting councils to develop these plans through:

• A £255 million implementation fund for all immediate work required to deliver plans within eight months to address poor air quality in the shortest time possible;
• A Clean Air Fund for councils to bid for money to introduce new measures such as changing road layouts to cut congestion and reduce idling vehicles, new park and ride services, introducing concessionary travel schemes and improving bus fleets. More details will be announced later this year.
• A £40 million Clean Bus Technology Fund grant scheme – part of a £290 million National Productivity Investment Fund announced in the Autumn Statement – to limit emissions from up to 2350 older buses.

Government says it remains committed to putting the public finances back on a sustainable footing: so all money spent on air quality measures will be funded through changes to the tax treatment for new diesel vehicles or through reprioritisation within existing departmental budgets.

Also announced

• Van drivers are set to be given the right to use heavier vehicles if they are electric or gas-powered, in measures that will help improve air quality in towns and cities across the country.
• Manufacturers found to be using devices on their vehicles to cheat emissions tests could face criminal and civil charges, with fines of up to £50,000 for every device installed, under proposed new laws.

Nigeria is in the first group of A5 countries that want to replace HCFCs with ozone-friendly hydrocarbons, according to the Montreal Protocol. Innocent Anoruo was at a workshop in Lagos where stakeholders gave their nod to the treaty

“We are here today to validate all the work we have done” to stop the depletion of the ozone layer, were the words of Mrs. Ozunimi Iti, United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) representative who came from Vienna, Austria, to attend the event.

In her goodwill message from the UN body at the Stakeholders’ Workshop for the Validation of Nigeria’s HPMP Stage II Proposal, Iti said UNIDO’s projects go beyond stopping the depletion of the ozone layer, to helping stakeholders adjust to new trends that protect the environment from dangerous gases.

The workshop that took place on Wednesday, July 26, 2017 in Lagos was attended by about 150 participants from Ministries Departments and Agencies (both federal and states), United Nations bodies, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Services (RACS) industrialists and the media.

The Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) Phase-out Management Plan, or HPMP, for Nigeria was approved at the 62nd meeting of the Executive Committee (ExCom) of the Multilateral Fund (MLF) for the implementation of the Montreal Protocol, which will result in the complete phase-out of 407.7 ODP tonnes of HCFC in the country by January 1, 2040. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the lead Implementing Agency (IA) while UNIDO is the Cooperating Agency (CA).

Declaring the workshop open, the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Environment, Shehu Usman, urged the participants to brainstorm on the strategies for HPMP Stage II and make meaningful contributions for a quality document.

Represented by the Director, Pollution Control and Environmental Health, Charles Ikea, he said: “We have made considerable progress in the implementation of Stage I of the HPMP project. The Pilot Plant for the production of High Grade Hydrocarbon Refrigerants to be used as alternatives to HCFCs in the R&AC servicing sector has since been completed and commissioned in 2015.

“We are in the process of fashioning out ways of commercialisation of the plant. The System House project has also been completed this year, and we are preparing for commissioning of the project later next year.”

The Montreal Protocol (MP) on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. It was signed by 46 countries in September 1987.

Usman noted that the government of Italy has also offered to support the HPMP Stage II project as a bilateral partner, adding that all sectors will be continuously sensitised and engaged in the process, particularly the foam and RACS sectors. “We also encourage the acquisition of skills for refrigeration technicians and improve service delivery through the development of a certificate scheme for the technicians.”

He informed the participants that the Kigali Amendment was adopted at the 28th MOP to the MP in 2016 in Kigali, Rwanda. “By the amendment, HFCs, which are potent greenhouse gases are now added to the list of substances to be controlled under the Protocol. Parties agreed to cut the use of HFCs by 85 per cent by the late 2040s. First reductions by most developed countries are expected in 2019. Most developing countries will follow with a freeze of HFCs consumption levels in 2024.”

He re-affirmed the ministry’s commitment to the MP and its ODS phase-out programme.

UNDP Programme analyst, Montreal Protocol and Chemicals Unit, Etienne Gonin, disclosed that submission from the workshop would be submitted to MLF latest August 7, 2017 (Montreal time), for it to be discussed at the next meeting. “And we want it discussed,” he added.

Gonin said the production facility of the HC in commercial scale, which cost Egypt $5 million, may cost Nigeria up to $8 million. This, he told EnviroNews, is because of differences in production in different countries.

UNDP Senior Expert, Foams, Bert Veenendaal, added that the risk in the project is low, and that the process can be replicated anywhere in the world.

David Omotosho, fondly referred to as Father of Ozone, who came in from the United States for the workshop, said the phase-out strategic plan for the foam sector is expected to be approved by MLF between November and December 2017, and the conversion of thermo ware phases II and III in parallel up to February 2018. He added that the project is expected to be completed in 2021.

After a break, the stakeholders came back to demand that sensitisation should be taken to the grassroots, especially in the rural areas, who use these chemicals in their homes, not focusing only on industrialists.

However, Idris Abdullahi of the National Ozone Office (NOO) promised that when funding comes, “we plan to use task force to implement the Kigali Amendment.”

Before giving his vote of thanks, Abdullahi said the adoption of the Kigali Amendment “is a win-win situation for Nigeria, as we are aware of natural hydrocarbon sources for refrigeration.”

Countries like the Republic of the Marshall Islands and Mali have ratified the Kigali Amendment.

The Kigali Amendment was adopted in October 2016, and will enter into force on January 1, 2019 if 20 or more parties to the Montreal Protocol ratify it by that time.

Countries that ratify the Kigali Amendment commit to cut the production and consumption of HFCs by more than 80% over the next 30 years. It is expected that this will avoid up to 0.5° Celsius warming by the end of the century, while continuing to protect the ozone layer, according to UN Environment.