The African Development Bank Group (AfDB) has approved an initiative aimed at tackling the challenge of hazardous chemicals in 11 Least Developed Countries (LDCs) in Africa.
Gareth Phillips, African Development Bank’s Climate and Environment Finance Manager
In a statement issued on Saturday, January 25, 2025, the AfDB highlighted that the initiative would address chemicals such as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and mercury.
The project, titled “Scaling-up Investment and Technology Transfer to Facilitate Capacity Strengthening and Technical Assistance for the Implementation of Stockholm and Minamata Conventions in African LDCs – Phase 2” (AFLDC-2), focuses on improving chemicals and waste management across 11 African Least Developed Countries (LDCs).
These countries include Angola, Ethiopia, the Gambia, Guinea, Liberia, Mauritania, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Uganda, and Zambia.
This initiative, the first of its kind by the AfDB, is a significant milestone in sustainable chemicals management.
It leverages a $21.3 million grant from the Global Environment Facility (GEF) alongside co-financing from AfDB-supported projects in urban, agricultural, and agro-industrial sectors in the participating countries.
The AfDB explained that the project would adopt a multistakeholder approach to address challenges such as the lack of regulatory frameworks, inadequate waste management infrastructure, and insufficient enforcement capacities in these nations.
“The chemicals involved, such as pesticides, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), and mercury from products like batteries and dental fillings, pose serious health and environmental risks.
“Governments worldwide have increasingly recognised these dangers, leading to stronger regulations through international agreements like the Rotterdam, Stockholm, Minamata, and Basel Conventions.
“The AFLDC-2 project aligns with these frameworks, aiming to strengthen national capacities, promote environmentally sound practices, and implement circular economy approaches to reduce toxic emissions and control waste pollution at the source.”
Gareth Phillips, AfDB Manager for Climate and Environment Finance, called the project transformative, stating, “The AFLDC-2 project marks a pivotal milestone in Africa’s efforts to tackle the challenges of hazardous chemicals and waste.
“We are proud to set this precedent, and we are optimistic it will pave the way for many more similar initiatives.”
The project is expected to deliver significant public health and environmental benefits, helping participating countries fulfill their obligations under the Stockholm and Minamata Conventions.
North Africa already has the requisite abundant natural resources and developing infrastructure to support a massive expansion in green hydrogen production, writes NJ Ayuk, Executive Chairman, African Energy Chamber
Green Hydrogen
While much of our attention at the African Energy Chamber (AEC) concentrates on efforts to industrialise the sub-Saharan regions, as covered in our recently released 2025 Outlook Report, The State of African Energy, the more developed North African nations have seen recent progress in the renewables field, in green hydrogen specifically, that deserves our recognition.
Many are likely unfamiliar with the technology behind the production of this fuel source, and the subject requires at least a brief explanation.
Hydrogen has many uses across varied industries, from petroleum refining and food processing to fertiliser and steel production. While the aerospace industry has used hydrogen as a rocket fuel since the dawn of the space age, there is plenty of room for the growth of hydrogen-powered cars, or fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), in the automotive world. Though its implementation in electricity generation is minimal at present, hydrogen may see more widespread use as a supplementary or alternative fuel source in the future at standalone facilities and power plants currently running on natural gas.
Hydrogen production primarily uses electrolysis, a process in which an electric current passes through water to separate hydrogen from oxygen. Currently, about 95% of the electricity for global hydrogen production comes from natural gas and coal-fired power plants. By contrast, green hydrogen production utilizes electricity from renewable sources such as solar and wind instead. If the majority of hydrogen production facilities switched to renewable energy, the International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates this could reduce CO2 emissions by approximately 830 million tonnes annually.
As the world struggles with the urgent need to transition from fossil fuels to more sustainable energy sources, green hydrogen offers an avenue where production can continue with the same capacity but without harmful by-products, particularly in regions rich in renewable energy potential like North Africa. This region, characterised by vast, consistently sun-drenched deserts and strong winds, could potentially lead the way in developing a global green hydrogen economy. However, this transition is not without its complexities and challenges.
The Promise
As covered in our recently published 2025 Outlook Report, The State of African Energy, North Africa offers several compelling advantages, marking it as a prospective green hydrogen mega-producer.
North Africa already has the requisite abundant natural resources and developing infrastructure to support a massive expansion in green hydrogen production. The region boasts some of the highest solar irradiation levels globally, making it an ideal location for solar-powered hydrogen production. Countries like Morocco and Egypt have already initiated projects like the Noor Ouarzazate Solar Thermal Complex and the Benban Solar Complex, respectively, which could serve as the backbone for the industry. Additionally, the wind potential along the coasts of Algeria and Mauritania provides another renewable energy source for industrial-scale electrolysis.
For national economies critically dependent on oil and gas, green hydrogen offers a path to greater diversification. The transition would not only lessen the negative impacts of oil’s inherent price fluctuations but also foster new industries. Green hydrogen production could lead to development in related sectors such as hydrogen fuel cells, ammonia production for fertilisers, and even green steel (steel produced using hydrogen as a reducing agent eliminating coal and CO2 emissions from the process) creating new jobs and stimulating economic growth.
A ramp-up in green hydrogen production would also have more than just local benefits as the endeavor aligns with global climate goals as well. By focusing on green hydrogen, North African countries could position themselves as leaders in the worldwide decarbonisation effort while opening up new export markets. The export of green hydrogen to Europe, which has set ambitious climate targets, could become a lucrative trade, further enhancing North Africa’s geopolitical stature in the energy sector.
With the right infrastructure in place, like the kind proposed for the SoutH2 corridor linking North Africa, Italy, Austria, and Germany, producers could transport green hydrogen via pipelines or as easily shippable derivatives like ammonia or liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs), which would be particularly appealing to European markets seeking to decarbonise.
The Challenges
Despite the many bright prospects, a realistic assessment of the path to a green hydrogen economy in North Africa reveals it is not without its fair share of challenges.
Hydrogen production through electrolysis requires significant amounts of water, which is already scarce in many parts of North Africa. This fact essentially mandates solutions like seawater desalination or wastewater recycling, both of which add to the energy and financial burdens of any green hydrogen initiative.
The lack of existing infrastructure for hydrogen production, storage, and distribution is also a major hurdle. North Africa will need new pipelines, storage facilities, and ports capable of handling hydrogen and its derivatives, and the construction associated with these features will require substantial investment. Moreover, while adapting existing gas infrastructure to facilitate hydrogen transportation is a feasible venture, it presents additional technical and safety challenges due to hydrogen’s volatile properties.
Another impediment to green hydrogen’s expansion is its overall economic viability. Currently, green hydrogen production costs remain higher than those of fossil fuels or even those of blue hydrogen (hydrogen produced using natural gas with carbon capture). Achieving economies of scale and technological advancements in electrolysers could reduce costs, but until then, green hydrogen will struggle to compete without subsidies or carbon pricing mechanisms.
Nations engaged in green hydrogen production will also have to create and clearly define their associated policies and regulations. This nascent stage of the technology’s development calls for robust policy frameworks if producers are to attract investment, ensure safety, and integrate hydrogen into their existing energy systems. North African nations need to develop clear strategies, not only for hydrogen production but also for how it fits into their broader energy policies. This includes regulatory support for renewable energy projects, hydrogen certification, and cross-border trade agreements.
The capital-intensive nature of green hydrogen projects means funding is another critical barrier. While there are signs of interest from international investors, the risk perception in some North African markets could deter the necessary influx of capital. It might be necessary to seek international cooperation on innovative financing models such as green bonds which are issued by public or private institutions for the purpose of funding projects intended to mitigate climate change.
Lastly, skill development and technology transfer present other hurdles. Building a green hydrogen industry requires a skilled workforce that counts engineers, technicians, laborers, and policymakers as members. Considering that nations who want to participate in the green hydrogen economy will have to develop local expertise, there is a built-in need for investment in education and training. And while technology transfer from countries leading in hydrogen technology would be beneficial, it comes with its own set of potential limitations regarding intellectual property and capacity expansion.
Moving Forward
Despite these challenges, leveraging North Africa’s green hydrogen potential is a worthy pursuit and will require a multi-faceted approach:
Regional collaboration. Initiatives like the African Green Hydrogen Alliance are steps in the right direction, promoting shared knowledge, infrastructure, and investment.
Technological innovation. Conducting research into more efficient electrolysers, better hydrogen storage solutions, and the use of non-fresh water sources for electrolysis could mitigate some of the current limitations.
International partnerships. The EU’s goal of importing 10 million tonnes of green hydrogen by 2030, as stipulated by the REPowerEU Plan, presents an immediate market opportunity. Collaborations across Europe for diversified investment, technology sharing, and market access can accelerate development.
Policy leadership. Governments must lead with policies and offerings that not only incentivize green hydrogen but also ensure sustainability. These would include clear and detailed roadmaps to success, unwavering support for initial projects, and incentives like the simplified administrative procedures and tax breaks l the Egyptian government established when it granted 42,000 square kilometers of land to the New and Renewable Energy Authority (NREA) for green hydrogen production.
Environmental considerations. It is crucial to ensure that green hydrogen projects do not lead to unintended environmental degradation, especially concerning water use. Operators must integrate and adhere to environmentally friendly practices from the outset.
The development of green hydrogen in North Africa holds transformative potential, offering a route to clean energy production that could redefine the region’s economic landscape.
However, to realise this potential, North Africa will have to overcome significant hurdles through strategic planning, international cooperation, and a commitment to sustainability. If North Africa navigates these challenges with foresight and innovation, the region could meet its own energy needs via greener alternatives while playing a pivotal role in the global energy transition and setting a precedent for other regions to follow.
In a significant development for environmental advocacy in Nigeria, Olumide Idowu has been selected as a technical member for the Niger Delta Mangroves Awareness initiative by the National Council on Climate Change (NCCC). The appointment underscores the commitment of the NCCC to enhancing awareness and protection of the vital mangrove ecosystems in the Niger Delta, which play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation.
Olumide Idowu
Idowu, a renowned environmentalist and advocate for sustainable development, brings a wealth of experience to his new role. With a background in environmental advocacy and a track record of successful projects restoring and preserving mangrove habitats, Idowu is poised to significantly impact the NCCC’s efforts to combat climate change and promote environmental sustainability in the region.
The Niger Delta region, known for its rich biodiversity, is home to extensive mangrove forests that serve as critical buffers against coastal erosion and provide habitat for numerous species of flora and fauna. However, these mangroves are under threat from activities such as oil exploration, deforestation, and urbanisation. The selection of Idowu aims to strengthen the NCCC’s initiatives to raise awareness about the importance of these ecosystems and mobilise support for their conservation.
As a technical member, Idowu will provide expert guidance on stakeholder and awareness engagement related to mangrove ecosystems. He will collaborate with local communities, government agencies, and non-governmental organisations to develop strategies for effective mangrove management. This collaborative approach is essential for fostering community involvement and ensuring that local voices are heard in conservation efforts.
In his acceptance speech, Idowu expressed gratitude for the opportunity to contribute to such a vital cause.
“Mangroves are not just trees; they are vital ecosystems that support livelihoods and protect our coastal communities. I am honored to be part of this initiative and look forward to working with all stakeholders to ensure the sustainable management of our mangrove resources,” he stated.
The NCCC’s Niger Delta Mangroves Awareness initiative aims to implement educational programmes that highlight the ecological and economic benefits of mangroves. By engaging local communities through workshops, seminars, and outreach activities, the initiative seeks to empower residents with knowledge and tools to protect their environment and promote sustainable practices.
Furthermore, the initiative will focus on research and monitoring efforts to assess the health of mangrove ecosystems in the Niger Delta. This data will be crucial for making informed decisions regarding conservation strategies and will help track the effectiveness of implemented programmes over time. The selection of Olumide Idowu marks a critical step in Nigeria’s broader strategy to address climate change and promote environmental sustainability.
As the country grapples with the impacts of climate change, initiatives like this highlight the importance of community engagement and expert guidance in protecting vital ecosystems that are essential for both environmental health and the well-being of local populations.
This initiative is part of the National Agricultural Development Programme (PNDA), implemented by the DRC’s Ministry of Agriculture and supported by the World Bank and the Global Shield Financing Facility, which aims to modernise agriculture and improve farmers’ living conditions in three pilot provinces: Kasaï, Kasaï-Central and Kwilu
Signing ceremony in the Democratic Republic of Congo
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is facing increasingly severe climatic challenges. Since 1951, average national rainfall has steadily decreased, declining by up to 40.79 mm/month per century. As a result, more than 21.8 million people face food insecurity due to droughts and other natural disasters.
300,000 farmers protected
Against this backdrop, the PNDA has introduced a significant innovation: starting in 2025, a climate insurance product will be launched to protect up to 300,000 farmers in the three pilot provinces from drought (early and mid-season) and excessive rainfall (late season).
In the event of a severe climatic shock, the climate insurance will protect farmers benefiting from the NADP through direct and rapid payments, with amounts that could, in the most extreme situations, reach up to $100 of coverage per farm annually, representing around 15% to 20% of a farmer’s average annual income. This compensation will enable farmers to purchase seeds and resume farming activities for the following season or year. Compensation will be paid directly to farmers without intermediaries or commissions
An innovation based on satellite data
This solution was developed in collaboration with experts from the DRC Ministry of Agriculture, the Autorité de Régulation et de Contrôle des Assurances (ARCA), the World Bank, AXA Climate, the World Food Programme and national insurance companies. During a series of working sessions, stakeholders jointly designed the main technical and operational parameters of the insurance product.
This parametric insurance product, underwritten by the DRC Ministry of Agriculture and financed by the World Bank with the support of the Global Shield Financing Facility, relies on indices derived from satellite rainfall data (TAMSAT and ERA5). When satellite data indicates that pre-defined rainfall thresholds have been exceeded, the compensation process is automatically triggered within hours.
The product will be distributed by Mayfair Insurance Congo SA, the leading member of a national consortium comprising other insurers operating in the DRC (ACTIVA, RAWSUR, GPA, Société Financière d’Assurance, SONAS, and SUNU). Reinsurance will be provided by ZEP-Re.
Building a more resilient agriculture
Jean de Dieu Mbey Bosimi, national coordinator of the PNDA within the Ministry of Agriculture, hopes that this insurance will reinforce the modernisation of agriculture in the country: “This insurance will offer Congolese farmers essential protection against climatic risks, encouraging them to invest in ways that improve both their productivity and income.”
Alain Kaninda Ngalula, Managing Director of ARCA, comments: “The launch of agricultural insurance marks a major leap forward for the insurance sector in the DRC. It illustrates the key role of the regulator in fostering innovation and expanding financial services to benefit the population. which aligns with the vision of the Head of State, Felix Antoine Tshisekedi Tshilombo, regarding agricultural governance underpinned in particular by the establishment of the National Farmers’ Register and the operationalisation of an agricultural insurance system. Food self-sufficiency must no longer be a mere slogan but become a reality.”
Gaudens Kanamugire, Managing Director of Mayfair Insurance Congo SA, says: “We are dedicated to protecting farmers’ livelihoods and creating a local culture of agricultural insurance.”
Pierre Toyum, ZEP-Re Director for the DRC, adds, “Our commitment as a reinsurer demonstrates our confidence in the transformative potential of insurance for Africa’s agricultural sector.”
Cristina Stefan, Project Manager at the World Bank, adds: “We will closely monitor the results of the insurance and refine the product over time. This large-scale initiative could pave the way for the introduction of agricultural micro-insurance in the DRC.”
On the technical front, AXA Climate led the mission. Karina Whalley, Director of the Public Sector Department, is delighted with this inspiring step forward for the sector: “We are honoured to bring AXA Climate’s expertise to Congolese farmers. This achievement would not have been possible without the steadfast commitment of the DRC Ministry of Agriculture, the World Bank, national insurers and the Autorité de Régulation et de Contrôle des Assurances”.
This step, according to the promoters, illustrates the commitment of the DRC and its partners to building a more resilient agricultural sector capable of addressing climate challenges.
In a historic move towards sustainable development, the Enugu State Executive Council has unanimously approved the Enugu State Climate Policy and Action Plan (ESCPAP), signaling a commitment to economic transformation rooted in environmental sustainability, innovation, inclusiveness, and climate resilience.
Gov Peter Mbah of Enugu State
The approval follows a presentation by the Secretary to the State Government, Prof. Chidiebere Onyia, and underscores Governor Peter Ndubuisi Mbah’s visionary leadership in balancing economic growth with environmental stewardship. With a mission to elevate the state’s GDP from $4.4 billion in 2023 to an ambitious $30 billion by 2031, the policy ensures that key sectors such as agriculture, energy, and natural resources are climate-resilient and future-proofed against environmental challenges.
The ESCPAP represents a pioneering effort, making Enugu the first subnational government in Nigeria to adopt a long-term climate strategy that incorporates emissions modeling, microenergy audits, and extensive stakeholder engagement. This innovative approach aims to facilitate clean energy development, stimulate job creation, and foster green technology advancements.
Key Highlights of the Climate Policy and Action Plan:
Sustainable Economic Growth: The ESCPAP is poised to drive a 25-fold increase in the state’s GDP by 2060 through investments in renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and green technology.
Job Creation: Over 792,000 new jobs are expected to emerge in sectors like renewable energy, waste management, and afforestation.
Energy Transition: The state targets 80% renewable energy usage by 2060, with a 60% emissions reduction in the transport sector and a robust afforestation plan to enhance carbon sequestration.
Climate Resilience: The policy emphasises enhancing adaptive capacity and reducing vulnerability to climate-related challenges such as flooding and droughts.
Education and Awareness: The introduction of a climate change curriculum in Enugu’s flagship Smart Green Schools will empower future generations with knowledge and skills in green innovation.
The approved policy and action plan also include the establishment of an ESCPAP Implementation Committee, comprising representatives from the government, private sector, civil society, and international donor organisations, to ensure effective execution of the policy’s goals.
Enugu’s Climate Policy aligns with Nigeria’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and global climate agreements, positioning the state as a key player in the nation’s journey toward a low-carbon, sustainable future.
With the approval of the Climate Policy and Action Plan, Enugu State stands at the forefront of subnational climate governance in Nigeria, demonstrating that economic growth and environmental sustainability can go hand in hand.
The drafting of the Policy and Action Plan was coordinated by Professor Chukwumerije Okereke, who is the Senior Policy Adviser to Governor Peter Mbah on Climate Policy and Sustainable Development on behalf of the Society for Planet and Prosperity (SPP) with support from the SSG’s team and those of the Commissioner for Environment and Climate Change, Professor Sam Ugwu.
Funding was received from the African Climate Foundation and the European Climate Foundation. The Policy and Action Plan will be unveiled in a public presentation in a date that will soon be announced.
The Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) on Friday, January 24, 2025, signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with MTN Nigeria and advanced weather intelligence company, Tomorrow.io, to develop a Digital Climate Advisory Services (DCAS) System.
Karl Toriola, Chief Executive Officer, MTN Nigeria
Karl Toriola, the Chief Executive Officer, MTN Nigeria, made this known in a statement on Friday in Lagos.
Toriola said that the partnership was aimed at delivering location-specific, actionable weather advisories to Nigerian farmers via mobile SMS.
He said that the partnership which is in line with the United Nations (UN) goal of ensuring early warning systems, would strengthen climate resilience in Nigeria, particularly in the agricultural sector.
According to him, MTN is always looking for ways to support government agencies and the Nigerian public in general.
He expressed optimism about what the partnership with NiMet and Tomorrow.io would do for the agricultural sector, emergency and disaster management, the public and the Nigerian economy.
“From the bottom of our hearts, we are grateful to NiMet for allowing MTN to partner with it,” he said.
Meanwhile, the Director-General of NiMet, Professor Charles Anosike, said that the overall aim of the partnership was to improve agricultural productivity and also resilience by providing localised, timely weather advisories.
Anosike said that it aligned with the food security agenda of the Federal Government.
“The choice of MTN and Tomorrow.io is strategic as they are leaders in their respective sectors.
“I am excited to welcome the MTN CEO and other officials, and the Tomorrow.io team to NiMet for this groundbreaking MoU signing that will impact not only the agricultural sector, but on the entire Nigerian economy.
“My primary objective has been to open up the space of the business of climate science to the private sector so that they will begin to understand the incredible impact of climate science,” he said.
The Managing Director of Tomorrow.io, Dr Henry Onyemachi, appreciated the NiMet D-G for his strong leadership during the whole the process leading to the MoU.
“For us at Tomorrow.io, it is a very happy moment, reflecting on the progressive and very focused journey which began a year ago,” he said.
He said that it was a very impactful project which would positively impact government’s agenda on food security.
Under the terms of the MoU, the parties will collaborate in the development, deployment, and testing of the DCAS platform.
The platform will provide weather-based advisories to farmers through SMS notifications.
A high-level regional meeting in Libreville, Gabon, brought together African ministers, international experts and civil society leaders to address the public health and environmental risks posed by mercury-containing skin-lightening cosmetics.
Participants at the high-level regional meeting in Libreville, Gabon
Following a two-day technical workshop, the event culminated on Wednesday, January 22, 2025, with the adoption of the “Libreville commitment on the elimination of mercury-containing skin-lightening cosmetics in Africa”. This agreement calls for regional collaboration to foster stronger regulations, enhanced enforcement measures and public awareness campaigns to combat these harmful products.
The commitment holds particular significance as it is grounded in a decision made by the Conference of the Parties of the Minamata Convention on Mercury, a treaty to which Africa has the highest number of Parties. The Convention, under Article 4, phase outs production and trade of the listed mercury-added products, and the amendment adopted at the fifth meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP-5) explicitly bans the use of any mercury in cosmetics.
During the opening remarks at the high-level segment, Monika Stankiewicz, Executive Secretary of the Minamata Convention, pointed out that “cosmetics containing mercury is a key example of how the use of mercury impacts people in their everyday lives. There are adverse health effects of the inorganic mercury contained in skin-lightening creams and soaps”. She added that “the COP’s decision reflects the firm belief that the use of mercury and, in fact, any other hazardous substances in cosmetics is unacceptable and cannot be allowed to continue”.
COP-5 also agreed to investigate trade in mercury compounds, currently not regulated under the Convention, which is closely linked to the issue of illegal manufacture of mercury-containing cosmetics. Despite existing bans, these cosmetics are often easily obtainable online and in local markets around the world. Alongside regulatory measures, Stankiewicz emphasised the importance of addressing gender inequality and combating harmful advertising practices, noting that many users of skin-lightening products are unaware of the health risks or unable to resist societal pressures regarding beauty standards.
The two-day technical workshop leading up to the commitment gathered over 150 experts and delegates from 13 African countries. Conducted by experts from the World Health Organisation (WHO), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Biodiversity Research Institute (BRI) and civil society organisations, the sessions reviewed the dangers of mercury exposure and the need for a comprehensive strategy across the region.
The workshop took place under the Global Environment Facility (GEF) funded project Eliminating mercury skin lightening products and led by UNEP. The GEF serves as one part of the financial mechanism of the Minamata Convention.
Stankiewicz underlined that “this GEF project is of such great value to lead a global action to implement the Minamata Convention. I am pleased that three countries, Gabon, Jamaica, and Sri Lanka, joined forces with UNEP and WHO to pave the way to address this very multi-faceted challenges of mercury-added cosmetics and present model cases that other Parties can follow”.
The ministers and other representatives who gathered in Gabon adopted the “Libreville commitment” and requested the Gabonese government to submit it to the African Council of Ministers in Charge of the Environment (AMCEN) and to the Secretariat of the Minamata Convention with the objective of its presentation at the sixth meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP-6) in Geneva this November. The document is expected to stimulate productive discussion at COP-6 to accelerate the elimination of mercury-added cosmetics from the market.
National plans to adapt to the escalating impacts of climate change are a necessity for every country. Whether developed or developing, countries worldwide are increasingly recognising the threat posed by rising temperatures and extreme weather events and prioritizing climate resilience to safeguard lives, livelihoods and economies.
UN Climate Change Executive Secretary, Simon Stiell. Photo credit: IISD/ENB | Kiara Worth
Beyond immediate protection, these plans are essential for enabling sustainable, low-inflation growth in a rapidly changing world. The stakes are high: between 1970 and 2021, extreme weather, climate, and water-related events caused 11,778 reported disasters worldwide, resulting in over 2 million deaths and an estimated $4.3 trillion in economic losses, according to the World Meteorological Organisation.
These statistics underscore the urgency of robust adaptation planning, central to which are National Adaptation Plans (NAPs). To date, 64 countries have submitted their NAPs to UN Climate Change, including most recently Azerbaijan, Spain, the United States and Zimbabwe; additionally, Uganda has submitted two sectoral NAPs. In total, 60 developing countries and four developed countries have established their plans to build climate resilience.
“I’m encouraged that 64 countries have already submitted their NAPs,” said UN Climate Change Executive Secretary, Simon Stiell. “This growing list sends a strong global signal: building climate resilience is crucial to save lives, communities and economies, but much more than that – to transform them for the better.”
NAPs serve as crucial roadmaps for building climate resilience – in tandem with national development plans – and achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement and the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA). These plans outline interconnected activities that address adaptation needs at all levels, from local to national and regional, including adaptation finance. For instance:
Azerbaijan aligns its NAP with the Global Goal on Adaptation, integrating the GGA’s seven thematic targets. Overall, the NAP will serve as a means to meet the requirements of the GGA, the Sustainable Development Goals and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.
Spain incorporates a robust monitoring system to track progress and continuously improve adaptation policies.
Uganda adopts a whole-of-government approach in developing the financing frameworks for its sectoral NAPs on agriculture and health. The financing frameworks will help develop bankable projects to attract funding from existing as well as future climate change funding portfolios, particularly from multi-lateral, bilateral and philanthropic institutions.
The United States, through its Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and the Inflation Reduction Act, is investing over USD 50 billion to bolster climate resilience strategies. These initiatives are not only strengthening communities but also spurring private sector innovation and accelerating the implementation of adaptation solutions.
Zimbabwe’s climate change adaptation finance strategy aims to mobilize financial resources from public, private, domestic and international sources, as well as improve access to innovative financing mechanisms. This will help address its adaptation funding gap and support the implementation of priorities identified in its NAP.
Adaptation investments – at the right scale and pace – can be truly transformative. Not only protecting people and economies, but also driving forward much more opportunity, equality and prosperity.
More countries need to submit their National Adaptation Plans by 2025, to quantify their needs within them, and to drive collaboration across all sectors. Effective adaptation requires the engagement of global leaders, as well as the expertise and resources of philanthropic organisations, non-profits, academia, and the private sector.
UN Climate Change is working with the wider UN system to help developing countries design and implement National Adaptation Plans, and to deliver on the commitment of developed countries to at least double adaptation finance from 2019 levels by 2025.
Countries’ NAPs highlight the growing commitment of nations worldwide to prioritize adaptation, demonstrating a collective understanding that building climate resilience is not merely about mitigating risks but about transforming communities and economies for a sustainable future.
At the World Economic Forum, the Australian mining company, Fortescue, has formally endorsed the proposal for a Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty, an initiative committed to setting clear deadlines for an equitable phase out of fossil fuels and a just transition globally.
Fortescue Executive Chairman, Dr. Andrew Forrest
It is the first major industrial business to endorse the proposal – a significant boost to the initiative first spearheaded by Pacific Island nations and now supported by 16 nation-states across four continents.
Fortescue’s Real Zero transition plan was independently assessed against the criteria of the UN High Level Expert Group on Net Zero by Climate Integrity and the University of Technology Sydney. The assessment found alignment or partial alignment for all criteria.
“Fortescue is the first Australian company assessed by Climate Integrity to have a plan to phase out fossil fuels without carbon offsets, setting an industry-leading benchmark for climate ambition,” said Claire Snyder, Director of Climate Integrity.
The announcement from the Australian company comes just weeks after the Albanese government approved four new coal projects, despite the country’s bid to host the COP31 UN climate talks, boosting growing calls from Pacific Island nations for wealthy countries to join them in negotiating a fast and fair fossil fuel phase out plan.
The announcement was made by Dr Forrest at a Fortescue-hosted roundtable at the World Economic Forum. The event, entitled “Leading a Profitable and Rewarding Switch to Green Energy by 2040”, featured executives from some of the world’s heaviest emitters.
Dr Andrew Forrest said: “If Fortescue can achieve Real Zero by 2030, there is no reason the rest of the world can’t follow by 2040. The economics make sense, and the technological solutions exist to phase out fossil fuels. While fossil fuel companies like Exxon bury their heads in the sand and while hellish wildfires cause unimaginable damage to Los Angeles, Fortescue and the growing bloc of countries seeking to negotiate a Fossil Fuel Treaty understand the need for real action to combat climate change. Negotiating aThe Fossil Fuel Treaty presents a unique opportunity to realise Real Zero at a global scale through meaningful government and corporate action. I call on other heavy emitters to endorse the Treaty proposal and commit to a future beyond fossil fuels.”
Tzeporah Berman, Co-Chair and Founder of the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty, welcomed the endorsement: “Fortescue’s support sets a powerful precedent for others to follow. It signals to the market that the transition to a fossil-free future is not only necessary; it is achievable and economically viable. We invite companies across all sectors to join this growing movement of countries, organisations, individuals and businesses that are pushing for a real zero emissions target, showing that this can only be achieved one way: by phasing out the production and use of fossil fuels, and by putting a decisive end to new investment.
“Together, we can chart a sustainable path that not only protects our planet, our communities and everything we love, but also unlocks new, sustainable and profitable economic opportunities, supporting governments who are charting a truly ambitious course for fossil fuel phase out and a new Treaty.”
The movement to negotiate a Fossil Fuel Treaty is wide and diverse, spearheaded by a bloc of 16 countries across four continents including the majority of Pacific Island nations, and is focused on managing an equitable phase out of fossil fuels and financing a global just transition away from the threat of coal, oil and gas production.
The growing bloc of countries includes Colombia, Timor Leste, Pakistan, and a coalition of small island nations from the Caribbean and the Pacific. The proposal has also the backing of the World Health Organisation, the European Parliament, 3,000 scientists, 101 Nobel Laureates, 123 cities and subnational governments, including the State of California, 3,500+ civil society organisations from 123 countries, 850+ elected officials from over 85 countries, 25 banks and 1 million individuals.
Vice-President Kashim Shettima has sought partnership with the World Economic Forum (WEF) on the African Atlantic Gas Pipeline (AAGP) to connect Nigeria to Morocco and other African countries.
Vice-President Kashim Shettima (right) with President of WEF, Mr. Børge Brende
Shettima spoke during a bilateral meeting with President of WEF, Mr. Børge Brende, on the sidelines of the ongoing annual meeting of WEF in Davos, Switzerland.
He noted that connecting the pipeline would transport natural gas from Nigeria to North Africa and Europe as well as improve energy security and economic growth in the region.
The vice-president also emphasised the need for the recharging of Lake Chad to tackle the global food security crisis and other existential threats.
He also called for collaboration with WEF to foster economic development and growth in the country and on the continent.
Shettima said Nigeria would be in a vantage position to take advantage of the WEF platform to develop the gas project.
He pointed out that the move would address the geopolitical challenges in Europe and the growing demand for energy due to artificial intelligence, data mining and storage.
“We seek your collaboration in fundamental areas. One is on the African Atlantic Gas Pipeline (AAGP) which will connect Nigeria to Morocco and other African countries.
“The pipeline will transport natural gas from Nigeria to North Africa and Europe and is expected to improve energy security and economic growth in the region.
“With the geopolitical challenges in Europe from Russian gas problems and the rising demand for energy because of artificial intelligence, data mining and storage, we will be in a vantage position to take advantage of this opportunity.
“A lot of littoral states in West Africa who have discovered gas are more than willing to plug into the system and feed their gas to other end users.
“We are also exploring the area of undersea passage of the pipelines for it to be a win-win for everyone. We want to use the WEF platform,” he said.
According to Shettima, Nigeria is a country blessed with gas and exploring every option to maximise available opportunities for economic growth and wealth creation for its growing population.
“Nigeria is a gas nation than an oil nation. Because of our population, we either take care of the young men and women, our average is 16.9, or they take care of us in the next 10 or 20 years down the line.
“This is why we are in a hurry to develop in our enlightened self-interest. Gas provides us with the utmost opportunity to generate wealth for our people,” he noted.
On recharging of the Lake Chad, Shettima said apart from addressing the food security crisis, it would also put Nigeria in a vantage position to generate clean energy and combat terrorism.
“There is an incestuous relationship between economy and ecology in the Sahelian region.
“The challenges of Boko Haram and ISWAP might not be disconnected from the realities of existential threats we are facing.
“The Lake Chad hitherto was 25,000 square kilometres but it has shrunk to 2,000 square kilometres.
“There is the issue of the recharging of the Lake Chad from the Congo River basin which is the second largest river basin in the world, and the water is flowing into the Atlantic.
“We want to use your platform to recharge the Lake Chad. This will help us to successfully generate clean energy, a significant amount of hydropower annually, Shettima said.
The vice president said there would be a canal of 2,400 kilometres that would change the agricultural landscape of the sub-region.
This, he added, would address the food security crisis facing the global community.
Shettima also informed the WEF president about the ongoing reforms being undertaken by the Bola Tinubu administration.
He added that President Tinubu had returned Nigeria to the part of sustained economic growth.
“Most importantly, we are talking about the present. My leader and my boss, President Bola Tinubu is someone who also grew up in the finance ecosystem.
“He was a financial controller for ExxonMobil; he was a transformative leader in Lagos State and in Nigeria, he is the most disruptive leader we have had in half a century.
“From the first week in office, he did the right thing – from the subsidy removal to the alignment of the exchange rates, tax reforms and so many ongoing reform efforts.
“Our economy has turned the corner, we have crossed the Rubicon and we’re now on the path to sustained economic growth,” he stated.
The vice-president invited the WEF President to Nigeria to meet with the president while also intimating him of Nigeria’s readiness to host the WEF Africa.
Shettima noted that apart from being the biggest economy in the continent, Nigeria remained the most populous nation in Africa with 250 million people.
