26.8 C
Lagos
Sunday, June 15, 2025
Home Blog Page 283

Stakeholders explore green colonialism dynamics at HOMEF book launch

“The Geopolitics of Green Colonialism”, a book that focuses on Global Justice and Ecosocial Transitions, was launched by Health of Mother Earth Foundation (HOMEF) on Saturday, June 22, 2024, in Lagos.

HOMEF
Nnimmo Bassey, Director of HOMEF, with guests at the launch of “The Geopolitics of Green Colonialism” in Lagos

Nnimmo Bassey, Director of HOMEF, in his remarks, noted that the book is not meant to be kept on the bookshelf but to be read because the issues discussed in the book are contemporary issues.

He said: “As the world is moving from dirty energy to green energy, there is this belief that once that transition happens then justice has been served. But, as people say, transition is inevitable, but justice has to be fought for.

“This is a product of many contributions; it is a collection of essays all tied up on the same topic. The issue of green colonialism is something we need to pay close attention to. Remember Kwame Nkurumah said that ‘neo-Colonialism is the last stage of imperialism’ and we do know that imperialism is still alive, and the green colonialism is grabbing the world especially the global South. So, this book is mainly authored to focus on the global South and part of the global North who are very much integrated in the struggle to change the system.”

In his submission, Breno Bringel, a Brazilian Professor of Sociology at the State University of Rio de Janeiro and one of the three editors of the book, summarised the 259-page material into three parts.

He said: “The first part talked about the impacts of pre colonialism in our countries, underline parts of the destruction and the hypothesis behind green colonialism. It is devoted to a critique of the economic reality that reigns in real politics and policy today, from different perspectives.

“The second part focuses on ecological damage and free trade in the reconfiguration of planet governance in the world today. We also talk about, in the face of the psycho-social transformation, what is the role of the state? While the third part provides alternatives and justifications that are not only a rhetorical but justifications in the territories in our communities.”

Bingel further noted: “The Geopolitics of Green Colonialism has contributors from 60 countries such as Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Germany, Indonesia, Madagascar, Philippines, the US, Venezuela as well as from Nigeria. We are very well represented by this strong voice, because we tried to put together a complimentary advice to analyse how contemporary green capitalism in green communities affect us and how can we build alternatives for our different realities?”

In her remarks, Miriam Lang, a Professor of Environment and Sustainability at Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar, Ecuador, disclosed that “on the 20th of August 2023, the people of Ecuador came to a referendum after at least 20 years where 60% of the population decided to leave the oil unexploited in the heart of the Amazon forest with biodiversity, so that was a very, very important part to the decision makers against the narrative of economic growth.

“So, now we are facing the challenge of removing some oil infrastructure, which already had been planted in this region and also of redefining the whole economy of the country towards extractive because we have also had several other countries with consultations or referenda against mining, which are one always with more than 80% of the vote”.

Lang, who noted that despite all the challenges 70% of the food produced globally is from the smallholder farmers, also expressed concern because, according to her, “mining activities poison people and makes agriculture and other livelihoods impossible, also tourist economy is not possible. So, we are now looking towards a discussion that tries to strengthen what we call food sovereignty. That is like deciding what we want to plan, what we want to eat and how we want to exchange that food and the seeds in our country.”

Other contributing editors in the production of the masterpiece are Mary Ann Manahan, a scholar in the Philippines, and Ibrahima Thiam, a Senegalese and Project Manager with Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung.

Dignitaries at the event include Roland Ngam, Manager for Socio-Ecological Foundation in South Africa; Prof. Adelaja Odukoya from University of Lagos; Lanre Arogundade, Executive Director, International Press Centre; and Betty Abah, Director, Cee-Hope Nigeria, among others.

By Ajibola Adedoye

TotalEnergies Ubeta Field ’ll record Nigerian content successes – NCDMB Sec

0

The execution of the Ubeta Field Development Project by TotalEnergies Exploration and Production Nigeria Limited and the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPCL) will create thousands of jobs in the country and catalyse the economy, the Nigerian Content Development and Monitoring Board (NCDMB) has said.

Ubeta Field Development Project
Partners signing the Ubeta Field Development Project agreement

Executive Secretary of the NCDMB, Felix Omatsola Ogbe, stated this at the signing of the Final Investment Decision (FID) by the project promoters and their contractors, in Abuja.

The Ubeta Field Development Project is being developed under Oil Mining Licence (OML) 058, with an expectation to produce 300 million standard cubic feet of gas per day (mmscfd). Billed to commence production in 2027, the Ubeta Field facility, located about 80 kilometres northwest of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, would feed and secure gas supply to the Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) Train-7 Project at Finima, Bonny Island, currently undergoing capacity expansion from 22 to 30 metric tonnes per annum (mtpa).

The Executive Secretary based his projection on the Nigerian Content Plan and other documents the NCDMB had signed off with the operator, TotalEnergies E&P, noting that the documents were designed to achieve substantial tonnages, manhours, and spend retained in-country.

The project will also enable capacity utilization and substantial human capacity development (HCD), Research and Development as well as opportunities for banking, insurance, legal, and other services, he assured.

He stated that “the approval of the final stages of the Nigerian Content Plan for this project” was one of the first acts he performed on his assumption of duty in December 2023.

Among salient elements of the Nigerian Content Plan for Ubeta Field Development facility is the domiciliation of “100% of its project management manhours in Nigeria,” same for “Front End Engineering Design and Detailed Design,” which will be domiciled 100% in Nigeria, with COREN-licensed engineering companies as preferred executors.

In addition to these, the project will give first consideration to in-country manufacturers that have valid Nigerian Content Equipment Certificate from the Board, regarding material procurement, while fabrication and construction are also to be significantly handled by well-established fabrication yards in the country.

Engr. Ogbe, represented by the General Manager, Corporate Communications and Zonal Coordination, Esueme Dan Kikile, Esq, reiterated that the NCDMB has effectively aligned its processes “to shorten the oil industry’s contracting cycle to six months or less to engender speedy development of new projects, contribute to increased oil production, and improve the national economy.”

According to him, the Board provided “timely approvals for all the requests and documents submitted by TotalEnergies E&P,” in line with the Service Level Agreement (SLA) introduced by the Board in the oil and gas industry. The Board has also “complied fully with the Presidential Directives aimed at ensuring cost competitiveness and meeting project schedules of oil and gas projects.”

He equally assured that NCDMB will continue to serve as a business enabler for the oil and gas industry and beckoned on industry stakeholders to continue working together to achieve the objectives set for the industry by President Ahmed Bola Tinubu.

The Senior Vice President Africa, Total Energies E&P, Mr. Mike Sangster, in his remarks, expressed delight with the grounds covered on the Ubeta Project, noting that it fits perfectly with his company’s “strategy of developing low-cost and low-emission projects,” and that it would boost the Nigerian economy through higher NLNG exports.

Noting that TotalEnergies has been very active in Nigeria’s oil and gas industry for several decades, he disclosed that “Ubeta is the latest in a series of projects developed by TotalEnergies in Nigeria, most recently Ikike and Akpo West.”

TotalEnergies E&P is the operator of OML 58 onshore licence, with a 40 per cent stake in the US$550 million Ubeta Field Development Project, while the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPCL) has 49 per cent equity.

Shell reiterates commitment to Nigeria’s development, wins FRCN award

0

Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited (SPDC) has reaffirmed its unwavering commitment to supporting the socio-economic development of Nigeria, especially in its areas of operations in the Niger Delta.

Igo Weli
Mr Igo Weli, Director, SPDC & Country Head, Corporate Relations, Shell Companies in Nigeria

SPDC Director and Head of Corporate Relations, Igo Weli, made the restatement in Port Harcourt on Friday, June 21, 2024, at a dinner to celebrate the 21st anniversary of Treasure FM, a member of the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN) network.

“Our commitment stretches back to the 1950s, with a wide range of programmes supporting education, infrastructure, community electrification, and business empowerment,” Weli said.

A key highlight of the anniversary dinner was the presentation of the FRCN Award for Consistent Media Partner to Shell companies in Nigeria.

Weli, who was represented by the Shell Spokesman, Michael Adande, said, “This award serves as a strong reminder that Shell’s dedication to the socio-economic development of the Niger Delta region remains a cornerstone of our presence in Nigeria.”

The award recognises Shell’s partnership with FRCN, particularly its support for the weekly live programme Canvas: Niger Delta Roundtable, which fosters crucial discussions on development issues impacting the region.

“While the award itself was unexpected, it reinforces the value of initiatives like Canvas,” Weli added. “This recognition motivates us to keep promoting development, not just in our operational areas but across the entire nation.”

Since 2017, Canvas: Niger Delta Roundtable has aired twice weekly on different radio stations in the Niger Delta with live online streaming. These broadcasts dedicate an hour to exploring topics relevant to the development of the region and its people.

The General Manager, FRCN Treasure FM Port Harcourt, Fred Onyeka Nwaulune, commended Shell’s partnership.

“Shell has been a reliable media partner, consistently educating the Niger Delta region on the importance of dialogue for development and peaceful solutions,” he said. “Their programme aligns perfectly with FRCN’s focus on sustainable development.”

He noted that through the dialogue radio programme, Shell had demonstrated a continued focus on driving progress and positive change in the Niger Delta and beyond.

Cholera outbreaks expose access issues, poor integrity of water delivery systems – RDI

0

As deaths from the latest cholera outbreak in the country climbed to.40 on Friday, June 21, 2024, the Renevlyn Development Initiative (RDI) has said that the recurrent outbreaks and needless deaths in the country expose the challenges that force Nigerians to patronise unwholesome sources and the parlous management of water delivery systems.

Muhammad Ali Pate
Muhammad Ali Pate, the Coordinating Minister of Health & Social Welfare

RDI position is coming on the heels of the alert by the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) that the country does not have enough vaccines to address the growing cases of cholera across the country.

Deaths attributable to the current outbreak in Lagos was 24 as of Wednesday, June 19, representing the highest among the 10 states of the federation that contributed 90 per cent to the burden of cholera. Others are Bayelsa, Zamfara, Abia, Cross River, Bauchi, Delta, Katsina, Imo and Nasarawa. The cholera deaths are blamed largely on delayed presentation of cases.

RDI Project Officer, Ifeoluwa Adediran, said: “The periodic cholera outbreaks are very disturbing and reinforce our arguments that the abysmally low investment in the water sector at both state and federal level are further complicated by poor maintenance of the facilities that house and freight water from the waterworks to the different localities they service. In some communities the residents resort to unwholesome sources to get water. These are the issues that fuel the cholera outbreaks.

“In Lagos where there have been more deaths, we are worried about the integrity of pipelines that convey water to localities. In many communities the pipelines right of way include gutters where breakages and other breaches usually occur and are not addressed for months and years in some cases.”

While commending the federal and particularly the Lagos State Government for sensitisation efforts to address the current crisis, the RDI project officer insisted that it is time that government at all levels take the issue of provision of water to remote communities and ensuring pipeline integrity as priority.

“Our recommendation is that increasing investments in the water sector must be complemented and go pari pasu with ensuring the water delivery systems are regularly maintained. Water must also be available and affordable so that citizens are not forced to patronise other sources that lead to cholera and other illnesses,” added Adediran.

NNPC set to deliver gas revolution with OB3 Gas Pipeline Project

0

In yet another major step towards boosting nationwide gas supply to drive industrialisation and economic growth, the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPC Ltd) is set to deliver the Obiafu-Obrikom-Oben (OB3) Gas Pipeline project.

NNPC
L-R: Mr. Barwa Mohammed; NNPC Ltd’s Executive Vice President, Gas, Power & New Energy, Mr. Olalekan Ogunleye; GCEO NNPC Ltd, Mr. Mele Kyari; Special Adviser to the President on Energy, Ms Olu Verjeihen and the Executive Director, Health, Safety, Environment & Community of the Nigerian Midstream & Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPRA), Dr. Mustapha Lamorde during an inspection tour of work progress of the River Niger Crossing Operation of the Obiafu-Obrikom-Oben (OB3) Gas Pipeline Project at Aboh, Delta State, on Saturday

Group Chief Executive Officer of NNPC Ltd, Mr. Mele Kyari, confirmed this during an inspection tour of the OB3 pipeline River Niger Crossing operation at Aboh, Delta State, on Saturday, June 22, 2024.

By design, the OB3 Gas pipeline is the inter-connector which links the Eastern gas pipeline network to the Escravos-Lagos Pipeline System (ELPS) in the West and the Ajaokuta-Kaduna-Kano (AKK) Pipeline in the North.

The River Niger Crossing operation has been the major impediment to the completion of the strategic OB3 Gas Pipeline for over three years due to failure of the various technologies deployed to achieve the construction of the 48-inch pipe under the riverbed between Ndoni in Rivers State and Aboh in Delta State.

But with the adoption of the Micro-Tunnelling/Direct Pipe Installation technology, the new contractors, Messrs HDD Thailand/Enikkom and Tunnelling Services Group (TSG), are making a headway with about 860meters out of the 1,800meters achieved so far.

Speaking after the inspection tour, Kyari expressed delight at the breakthrough, which signals the imminent completion of the project.

“This is a major project of monumental value to our country. What this means is that this is the only way we can deliver the gas revolution. I am very happy and convinced that, latest by the middle of August, we will complete this project. I have been assured of that by the project team,” Kyari stated.

On the significance of the project, he said: “Once completed, we will see about 2.2billion standard cubic feet of gas coming into our network. We believe that this will give our country a breathing space of demand, I am sure we can catch up with that kind of demand in the next one and half years. We are happy that this will give us the platform to unleash the gas revolution in our country”.

Also speaking on the project, the Minister of State for Petroleum Resources (Gas), Ekperikpe Ekpo, expressed satisfaction with the pace of work at the OB3 River Niger Crossing operation, describing it as “Renewed Hope at work”.

“I was here last year, and I saw the work that was going on. There was a promise that it would be completed by December last year. I took it with a doubt. But today, from what I can see, I am confident that by July or August it will be completed, and it will be commissioned by the President,” the Minister stated.

On her part, the Special Adviser to the President on Energy, Olu Verheijen, said she was looking forward to the completion of the project having been assured by the technical team that the right technology has been found to resolve the complex challenges of the River Niger Crossing.

“As the Minister and other speakers have said, we are looking forward to having this project deliver prosperity to Nigerians in the form of electricity and other areas,” Verheijen said.

The Managing Director of Tunnel Service Group (TSG), one of the contractors to the project, Mr. Ingo Justen, who is personally on ground to supervise the project on the request of the GCEO, expressed confidence that the current technology being applied in the execution of the project would lead to its speedy conclusion.

In a presentation earlier, the Managing Director of NNPC Gas Infrastructure Company (NGIC), Seyi Omotowa, disclosed that at the rate of progress with the new technology deployed, the River Niger Crossing operation, which is the only aspect of the OB3 Gas Pipeline Project left, will be achieved on schedule.

NIMC denounces allegations of data compromise

The National Identity Management Commission (NIMC) has debunked the exposure of sensitive data of Nigerian citizens as it concerns the Commission, amongst many other data-collecting agencies, as alleged and reported.

NIMC
NIMC office in Abuja

The NIMC assured the public that the data of Nigerians has not been compromised, and that it had not authorised any website or entity to sell or misuse the National Identification Number (NIN), amongst all the identities stated in the report.

The following websites:  idfinder.com.ng; Verify. Ng/sign in, championtech.com.ng, trustyonline.com, and anyverify.com are data harvesters not authorised by NIMC to access or manage sensitive data. NIMC urged the public to disregard any claims or services these websites offer and should not give their data as they are potentially fraudulent, and data provided by the public on such websites are gathered and stored to build the data services they illegally provide.

Consequently, the public should know that the NIMC has taken robust measures to safeguard the nation’s database from cyber threats, and that a secure, world-class, full-proof database is in place. It adds that its infrastructure meets the stringent ISO 27001:2013 Information Security Management System Standard, with annual recertification and strict compliance with the Nigerian Data Protection Law.

Furthermore, NIMC advised Nigerians to avoid giving their data to unauthorised and phishing sites, pointing out that this poses the danger of data harvesting and comprises individual data. It reaffirmed its commitment to upholding ethical standards in data protection in line with federal government directives and data privacy regulations. Moreover, licensed partners or vendors are not authorised to scan or store NIN slips but to verify NINs through approved channels.

The NIMC disclosed that it is currently working closely with security operatives to apprehend these elements masquerading as online vendors, and they will be made to face the full wrath of the law.

It urged the public to remain vigilant against false information and rely on verified sources for accurate updates. The NIMC said that it remains committed to providing secure and reliable identity management and upholding the highest level of security for systems and databases, which are critical national assets.

Germany environmental groups warn against cuts in climate funding

Environmental groups are demanding that the German Government should not cut funding for efforts to address climate change, amid tough negotiations over a reduced 2025 budget.

Olaf Scholz
German Chancellor, Olaf Scholz

In a joint appeal published on Friday, June 21, 2024, several large advocacy groups appealed to Chancellor Olaf Scholz and Vice Chancellor Robert Habeck not to allow the cutbacks.

They said this based on “necessary investments in greenhouse gas neutrality” as well as international funding for climate initiatives.

They argued that the investments now would prove to be far cheaper than the eventual cost of having failed to address climate change.

The letter was signed by the leaders of the German League for Nature and Environment (DNR), the German Association for Environment and Nature Conservation (BUND).

The Environmental Action Germany (DUH), Germanwatch, Greenpeace Germany and the Nature And Biodiversity Conservation Union (NABU) are all parts.

Scholz’s three-party coalition is locked in difficult negotiations over the 2025 draft government budget, which included deep proposed cuts at several ministries to address large budget shortfalls.

Finance Minister Christian Lindner, a leader of the pro-business liberal Free Democrats (FDP), has insisted that the government must abide by strict rules against government borrowing and deficit spending.

“The current negotiations for the 2025 federal budget will not only decide whether social cohesion can be maintained.

”They will also decide whether Germany can achieve its climate targets, which are binding under international law,” the letter said.

The letter also criticised the tight budget restrictions, arguing that failing to make “necessary investments in the climate-neutral transition” now would also endanger Germany’s economy.

Group to assist NGOs, SMEs, others to access funding

The Africa Business Ventures and Investment Group, says it will assist civil society organisations (CSOs), non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and others access funding to address climate change and infrastructure deficit in Africa.

Forum
Some of participants at the forum

Chairman of the Board, Mr Moses Owharo, made this known at the inaugural Washington DC edition of the African Infrastructure, Climate Change and Investment Summit (AICIS) and Exhibition held via zoom, on Friday, June 21, 2024.

The Summit, with the theme “Fastening Collaboration with United States of America in Fostering Climate Resilient, Economic and Infrastructure, and Industrialisation in Africa”, was organised by the Group.

Those in collaboration with the Group include Office of Secretary to Government of the Federation (SGF), and the private sector.

Owharo, who is also a Harvard Business School Alumni, said the forum usually organised international conferences and Summit where policy makers, government and private sectors come together to look at challenging issues.

“We have had programmes in Ghana, Russia and other countries.

“This one holding is in the Washington DC, USA and due to some challenges; we are doing it in both Nigeria and U.S. via zoom.

“The objective is to set up a fund for Africa. That fund will assist organisations and even governments across Africa. This is because government cannot do it alone.

“Where there are gaps, we want to close the gaps. So we will set up those funds that practitioners, NGOs, Small and Medium-sized Enterprtise (SMEs), local governments and countries in Africa will participate.

“We will not do it alone, we will work with UN, American Government, Nigerian Government and other countries in Africa.

“This is to ensure that our deprived NGOs, CSOs SMEs and citizens of African can have resources that can be used to be actively involved in climate change actions and area of economy development,” Owharo said.

On the area of mining, he said that a lot of small scales miners in Africa did not have capital to involve in active mining.

According to him, lack of capital usually pushed them into illegal mining that leads to collapse of mining sites and death of miners.

He stressed that mining was a good venture but they needed training, capacity building and initial seed funding.

“There is need to open a portal or data base for them.

“That is one of the things that we are doing, especially with SMEs that are into commodity.

“We want to help them package and showcase their commodity to the international community which will increase their revenue.

“We also want to help them source for funding from funding agencies across the world,” he said.

Owharo further explained that the group also had partners in health infrastructure that would want to donate medical equipment to institutions that could deliver quality health care services to their community.

He also said that the group was in collaboration with Ministries of Trade and Investment, Foreign Affairs, Environment and SGF, Climate Change Council and many others.

Owharo added that the group would expand and solidify its relationships with both international and local partners.

Meanwhile, Prof. Chris Schrage from the University of Northern Iowa said that Africa needed to address the issue of mismanagement.

Schrage, who said that some African countries have unique transportation and educational system, added that climate change campaign should start from the schools.

She said that this was necessary to enable the young one get educated on dangers of climate change and how to address it.

During the Summit, Dr Brima Deen and other experts on Infrastructure, climate change and business investments from Washington DC and Abuja in Nigeria made impactful presentations.

Global gas flaring rises to highest level since 2019, says World Bank

0

The amount of gas flared worldwide in 2023 rose by nine billion cubic meters (bcm) to 148 bcm, its highest level since 2019, a World Bank report has said.

Gas flaring
Gas flaring

This is contained in a statement by the World Bank, on its new satellite data on Global Flaring and Methane Reduction (GFMR) Partnership, a copy of which was obtained on Friday, June 21, 2024.

The report said the increase resulted in an additional 23 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, an amount similar to adding about five million cars to the roads,

The statement quoted Demetrios Papathanasiou, World Bank’s Global Director, Energy and Extractives Global Practice, as saying: “Millions of people still lack access to basic energy and greenhouse gas emissions continue to grow, while huge volumes of gas continue to be wastefully flared every year.

“Capturing and using this wasted gas could displace dirtier energy sources, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and generate enough power to double the amount of electricity provided in Sub-Saharan Africa.”

The statement also quoted Zubin Bamji, World Bank GFMR Manager, as saying: “The increase in gas flaring is particularly disheartening as it comes after a long-overdue reduction in 2022.

“This sets global gas flaring levels back to what we experienced in 2019. We’re hopeful that this is somewhat of an anomaly and the longer-term trend will be dramatic reductions.”

The report showed that gas flaring released harmful pollutants, including black carbon and unburned methane, which contribute to climate change and pose risks to both people and the planet.

It also showed that eliminating gas flaring would avert at least 381 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions being released into the atmosphere each year.

“When productively used, wasted flared gas can help displace dirtier energy sources, increase energy access in some of the world’s poorest countries, and provide many countries with much-needed energy security.”

It added that the World Bank’s annual Global Gas Flaring Tracker Report is a tool for monitoring and understanding the state of flaring worldwide and the progress made towards achieving Zero Routine Flaring by 2030.

It said the World Bank’s GFMR Partnership, together with the Payne Institute at the Colorado School of Mines, had developed global gas flaring estimates based on observations from a satellite.

The satellite, the bank said, was launched in 2012 and operated by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

“The advanced sensors of this satellite detect the heat emitted by gas flares as infrared emissions.

“GFMR is a multi-donor trust fund composed of governments, oil companies, and multilateral organisations committed to ending routine gas flaring at oil production sites across the world.

“GFMR is also committed to reducing methane emissions from the oil and gas sector to near zero by 2030.”

By Okeoghene Akubuike

Up to 30% more: Climate change makes it harder for women to collect water

0

By 2050, climate change could increase the amount of time women in households without running water spend collecting water by up to 30 percent on global average, according to a new study published in Nature Climate Change.

India
Women carrying water in India

In regions of South America and Southeast Asia, the time spent collecting water could double be due to higher temperatures. A team of scientists from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) estimates the large welfare losses that could result from climate impacts and highlights how women are particularly vulnerable to changing future climate conditions.

Worldwide, two billion people currently lack access to safe drinking water. The responsibility for collecting water typically falls on women and girls.

“Climate change leads to rising temperatures and alters rainfall patterns, affecting the availability of water. We show that for women in households without running water, the time spent collecting water will increase in almost all regions analysed under future climate change,” says study author Robert Carr, guest researcher at PIK.

On a global average, for the period from 1990 to 2019, women in households without running water spend 22.84 minutes every day collecting water – ranging from 4 minutes in parts of Indonesia to 110 minutes in regions of Ethiopia.

“Compared to these numbers, we found that women will have to spend up to 30 percent more time each day collecting water by 2050 under a high-emission scenario. This can be reduced to 19 percent if global warming is kept below 2-degree Celsius,” says Carr.

“Regionally by 2050, daily water collection times could double under a high-emission scenario, for example, in regions across South America and Southeast Asia. For regions in eastern and central Africa that currently have the longest water collection times, there can be increases of between 20 and 40 percent due to increases in temperature under a high emissions scenario,” says author Maximilian Kotz from PIK.

Globally, women spend up to 200 million hours a day on this vital task (as of 2016), which can lead to major losses of time otherwise used for education, work or leisure and can sometimes be a physical and mental burden.

Cost of lost working time could reach tens to hundreds of millions of US dollars per country and year

Based on historical data from household surveys in 347 subnational regions across four continents from 1990 to 2019, the researchers first assessed how changing climate conditions have impacted water collection times in the past.

“We find that higher temperatures and less rainfall have increased daily water collection times,” says Maximilian Kotz.

There are several possible explanations for that, he adds: “From a purely physical perspective, higher temperatures and less rainfall change the balance between evaporation and precipitation, thus lowering water tables. This makes fresh water harder to access. In addition, the journey can also become more uncomfortable and thus take longer due to heat stress.”

Combining the observed patterns with temperature and precipitation projections from state-of-the-art clime models (CMIP-6), the researchers then assessed the impacts of future changes in climate on daily water collection times under different emission scenarios.

“Our results shed light on a gendered dimension of climate change impacts,” states Leonie Wenz, author and Head of PIK research group “Data-based analysis of climate decisions”.

“They show how strongly climate change will affect women’s well-being. Due to higher water collection times, they will lose time for education, work and leisure. By 2050, the cost of lost working time alone, calculated at the country-specific minimum wage, would be substantial, reaching tens to hundreds of millions of US dollars per country and year under a high-emission scenario,” adds Wenz.

×