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Sanwo-Olu tasks Banana Island residents, restates smart city vision

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Gov. Babajide Sanwo-Olu of Lagos State has called on residents of Banana Island to continue obeying the building and environmental laws of the state, in order to mitigate the effects of flooding in the area.

Banana Island
Gov. Babajide Sanwo-Olu, Mrs. Daisy Danjuma and Mr. Frank Aigbogun at the inauguration of some social facilities at Banana Island

Sanwo-Olu made the call on Saturday, November 9, 2024, at the inauguration of some projects undertaken by Banana Island Property Owners and Residents Association, Lagos (BIPORAL).

The projects inaugurated include the Banana Island Administrative Office, a recreational park, Banana Island Club House, a fire fighting truck, a tennis court and an astroturf five-a-side football pitch.

Sanwo-Olu decried the lack of maintenance culture, tasking the residents to maintain the facilities for the benefit of the public and future generations.

He, however, commended them for compliance with the state environmental and building laws, urging continuity.

The governor also lauded the efforts of the outgoing executives of the association, led by Mr Frank Aigbogun, and the new executive of Mr Abidemi Sonoiki for a good working relationship with government officials.

“Lagos State officials enjoy good working relationships with current executives to ensure necessary fees are paid to the government and residents keep within the rules of engagement in the estate.

“As a government, what we can do is to continue to support you, while you also complement the government’s effort in infrastructural development,” Sanwo-Olu stated.

Earlier, the residents appealed to the governor for immediate intervention over persistent flooding of the area, particularly whenever it rains, apparently due to drainage challenges, especially on the road leading to the estate.

Sanwo-Olu pledged that the Ministry of Environment would inspect the road to find lasting solutions.

He noted that the flood is caused by houses built on the water channel around the area, adding that the government would not hesitate to demolish such houses after inspecting the area.

“Somebody has built a house on a channel of water that is supposed to be flowing to the sea.

“I plead with you to work with us. I don’t have an interest in demolishing people’s houses or making life uncomfortable for them, but we have to do what we have to do.

“Meanwhile, I will direct the Commissioner, Ministry of the Environment, and Office of Drainage, as well as Waterfront Infrastructure to look at what the issues are and come up with possible and permanent solutions to the problem.

“I know that the challenge on that road is a major outfall. It needs to be able to discharge that water, right, onto the canal out on the right and see how we can also navigate some canal and get it on the left,” he said.

The governor advised the new executive members to apply wisdom and draw from the experience of their predecessors.

Similarly, Aigbogun urged the incoming executives to build on the success of his team.

The outgoing chairman, however, noted that residents in Banana Island did not build on drains.

“Most of the houses built on drains are outside Banana Island and not inside.

“We work hand in hand with the Lagos State Government and I urge the incoming executives to do the same,” he said.

On his part, Sonoiki said that being a member of the outgoing executive had prepared him for the task ahead.

“I served as the public relations officer in the outgoing executive, so I understand what needs to be done to ensure that residents have a peaceful and enjoyable home to come to.

“Also, my focus is to ensure that we have a first aid service here so that in cases of emergency we can be well equipped,” the new chairman said.

In a related development, Governor Sanwo-Olu, has restated his administration’s determination to transforming the state into a smart city, where technology and sustainable urban planning converge.

The governor gave the assurance at a Global Property Conference held on Saturday in Lagos.

The conference was organised by Gtext Holdings, a conglomerate that covers real estate and other businesses.

The governor, at different forums, stated that by 2030 the smart city ambition of the state would have been fully realised.

Sanwo-Olu, represented by Mrs Temitope Akinbola, the Director, Lagos State Real Estate Regulatory Authority, said the state government had initiated projects to improve housing affordability and infrastructure.

“Also, partnering with private investors to develop housing projects, meeting diverse income levels.

“This is all part of our larger vision to ensure that every Lagos resident has access to safe, secure, and affordable housing,” the governor said.

Also speaking, a legal practitioner, Mr Femi Falana, urged parties seeking to succeed in the real estate sector to seek professional advice and make integrity their watchword.

“You need to study the environment; partner with those already in the business; and learn the act of succeeding in the business.

“Once you can do that, you must ensure that you are not too much in a hurry to make money to the extent that you sacrifice integrity,” he said.

He also urged young professionals to seek financial, and legal advice, and to know the rudiments of the business in order to succeed.

According to him, this entails familiarising themselves with laws governing real estate in the country, the Land Use Act, and other relevant laws.

“So, you must also join the movement to get the government to contribute more in terms of prices of building materials.

“Also, in terms of registration of title documents, and reducing the cost of registering and processing documentation,” Falana said.

Founder, Gtext Holdings, Dr Stephen Akintayo, said that the conference was apt as the real estate sector was going through a tough season – from legal to police issues to government policies.

“I believe that if we want to get the Nigerian economy back on track, create jobs, boost the economy, we can turn Nigerian economy around just with the real estate sector.

“However, the bottlenecks have to be removed.

“First of all, the Land Use Act is not working the way it should work.

“The Land Use Act intends to provide affordable housing,” he said.

By Aderonke Ojediran and Esenvosa Izah

Chair of Least Developed Countries sets expectations ahead of COP29

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The 29th Session of the Conference of the Parties (COP29) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) commences on Monday, November 11, 2024, in Baku, Azerbaijan, and Evans Njewa, Chair of the Least Developed Countries (LDC) Climate Group, representing 45 countries and 1.1 billion people, has been commenting ahead of the international summit. 

Evans Njewa
Chair of the Least Developed Countries, Evans Njewa

Njewa said: “The LDC Group urgently demands scaled up, new, additional, and easily accessible climate finance. Finance that meets the unique needs of our vulnerable communities, and is delivered as grants, not loans. For too long, debt burdens have crippled our economies and deepened our vulnerabilities.

“Through partially costed estimates, the LDCs alone are in need of at least $1 trillion by 2030 to implement our Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). A failure to conclude COP29 without a bold new finance goal would be a tragic disservice to both the planet and vulnerable populations.

“This year alone, severe flooding and landslides devastated lives and property across Nepal, Chad, Ethiopia, Bangladesh and more. The world must step up with a game-changing climate finance goal that matches the true scale of our needs. Not billions, but trillions.

“It’s more important than ever that countries remain committed to continuing to work together to address this global crisis and collectively step up efforts.

“COP29 must be clear on this, encouraging countries to submit strong new climate action plans – Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) – early next year that are aligned with the 1.5°C goal. Additionally, our countries must be provided with adequate support to implement these plans.

“COP29 must also finalise the remaining rules on carbon markets, ensuring the market mechanisms support emissions reductions and don’t compromise environmental integrity.”

COP29 is expected to come to a close on Friday, November 22.

Vulnerable to environmental and economic shocks, and disproportionately affected by the climate crisis, LDC countries negotiate together as a bloc at UN climate talks to advance their shared interests in a fair and ambitious global response to climate change.

COP29: Africa CSOs issue key demands, asks 

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As the 29th Session of the Conference of the Parties (COP29) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) opens on Monday, November 11, 2024, in Azerbaijan’s capital, Baku, the African Civil Society, civil society organisations coalesced under the Pan African Climate Justice Alliance (PACJA), have released their demands and asks on climate finance for key climate issues facing the continent.

African civil society

With COP29 dubbed the “Climate Finance COP,” African civil society leaders are urging a focus on the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) to achieve substantial and equitable financing solutions for climate action.

In a consolidated declaration, African CSOs highlighted the urgent need for global commitments on adaptation, just transition, critical minerals, mitigation, and transparency in carbon markets.

“We call for the establishment of an ambitious sub-goal for adaptation finance that prioritises public, grant-based support for developing countries, responding to needs outlined in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), National Adaptation Plans (NAPs), and other national plans,” reads the statement.

Dr. Mithika Mwenda, Executive Director of PACJA, emphasised that COP29’s NCQG negotiations must address Africa’s pressing adaptation needs as well as Loss and Damage.

“If the NCQG fails to consider the adaptation needs of vulnerable populations, COP29 will not meet the threshold to be a genuine Climate Finance COP,” he stated.

The adaptation finance gap for developing nations remains significant – currently 10 to 18 times greater than actual international financial flows, which amount to approximately $20 billion per year. This falls well short of the estimated $166 billion – $366 billion needed annually to meet adaptation demands.

Obed Koringo, Climate Policy Advisor at Care International, pointed to the critical need for measurable progress on the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA).

“Despite ongoing discussions, tracking adaptation progress remains challenging. We advocate for the GGA to become a permanent agenda item, with clear indicators to drive action,” he noted, stressing that effective implementation must be a top priority.

Youth advocate Elisabeth Wathuti, a Kenyan environment and climate activist and founder of the Green Generation Initiative, also stressed the importance of meaningful youth engagement in climate negotiations, highlighting that the continent’s young population must play an active role in shaping climate solutions.

“The cost of inaction is far greater than the cost of taking action. We need clear outcomes on adaptation and Loss & Damage at COP29 to protect vulnerable communities and build resilience,” Wathuti emphasised.

As the COP29 discussions begin, African Civil Society called upon world leaders to prioritise adaptation, Loss & Damage, and a just transition that meets the urgent needs of African communities on the frontlines of climate change.

The key demands and asks echoed by African civil society touched on pressing needs including, adaptation, climate finance, just energy transition and critical minerals, mitigation, loss and damage, carbon markets, transparency and reiteration of Africa as a region of Special Needs and Circumstances.

Prof. Seth Osafo, Senior Legal Advisor at AGN, said that it’s hard to talk about the New Collective Quantified goals leaving behind considerations of other dimensions.

“We must reimagine the quality of finance, moving beyond debt-based approaches – currently at 72% – to include concessional loans, grants, and innovative financing mechanisms. Additionally, funding must be accessible, predictable, and structured to prioritise essential sub-goals, including Loss and Damage, while aligning on whether a single-layer or multi-layer approach best serves the mobilisation and provision of funds,” Prof Osafo stated.

The convening was facilitated by the Azerbaijan NGO forum in an effort of solidarity. Ms. Aygun Aliyeva, Executive Director, Azerbaijan State NGO Agency, and Member of COP29 Organisational committee, appreciated the efforts made and promised that African CSOs will get the opportunity to articulate their pressing issues and raise the voice of communities at the frontline of crisis during COP29.

COP29: WHO demands urgent integration of health in climate negotiations

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Ahead of the 2024 UN Climate Change Conference in Baku (COP29), the World Health Organisation (WHO) has called for an end to reliance on fossil fuels and advocates for people-centred adaptation and resilience.

Tedros Ghebreyesus
Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General, World Health Organisation (WHO)

Launching the “COP29 special report on climate and health and a technical guidance on Healthy Nationally Determined Contributions”, WHO urges world leaders at COP29 to abandon the siloed approach to addressing climate change and health. It stresses the importance of positioning health at the core of all climate negotiations, strategies, policies and action plans, to save lives and secure healthier futures for present and future generations.

“The climate crisis is a health crisis, which makes prioritising health and well-being in climate action not only a moral and legal imperative, but a strategic opportunity to unlock transformative health benefits for a more just and equitable future,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General.

“COP29 is a crucial opportunity for global leaders to integrate health considerations into strategies for adapting to and mitigating climate change. WHO is supporting this work with practical guidelines and support for countries,” he added.

Bold health argument for climate action

Developed by WHO in collaboration with over 100 organisations and 300 experts, the “COP29 special report on climate change and health” identifies critical policies across three integrated dimensions – people, place and planet. The report outlines key actions aiming to protect all people, particularly the estimated 3.6 billion people who live in areas which are most susceptible to climate change.

The report underlines the importance of the governance that integrates health in climate policy-making – and climate in health policy-making – being essential for progress. The report’s top recommendations include:

• make human health and well-being the top measure of climate success to catalyse progress and ensure people-centred adaptation and resilience;

• end fossil fuel subsidies and reliance by realigning economic and financial systems to protect both people’s health and the environment, through investment in clean, sustainable alternatives that reduce pollution-related diseases and cut carbon emissions;

• mobilise financing for climate-health initiatives, particularly to strengthen responsive health systems and support the health workforce, creating resilient, climate-proof health systems to protect health and save lives;

• invest in proven solutions; just five interventions – from heat-health warning systems, to clean household energy, to efficient pricing of fossil fuels – would save almost 2 million lives a year, and bring US$ 4 in benefits for each dollar invested;

• build greater focus on the role of cities in health outcomes, through more sustainable urban design, clean energy, resilient housing, and improved sanitation; and

• increase protections for and restoration of nature and biodiversity, recognizing the synergistic health benefits of clean air, water and food security.

“Health is the lived experience of climate change,” said Dr Maria Neira, Director, Environment, Climate Change and Health, WHO. “By prioritising health in every aspect of climate action, we can unlock significant benefits for public health, climate resilience, security, and economic stability. Health is the argument we need to catalyse urgent and large-scale action in this critical moment.”

Enhanced WHO action on health and climate

Climate NDCs or Nationally Determined Contributions are national plans and commitments made by countries under the Paris Agreement. While health is identified as a priority in 91% of the NDCs, few outline specific actions to leverage the health benefits of climate mitigation and adaptation or to protect health from climate-related risks.

To support countries to better integrate health into their climate policies, WHO released on Thursday, November 7, 2024, “WHO quality criteria for integrating health into Nationally Determined Contributions: Healthy NDCs”. The guidance outlines practical actions for ministries of health, ministries of environment, and other health-determining sectors (e.g. transport, energy, urban planning, water and sanitation) to incorporate health considerations within their adaptation and mitigation policies and actions.

This technical guidance serves as a concrete framework to implement the recommendations included in the WHO’s COP29 special report, addressing key areas such as leadership and enabling environment; national circumstances and policy priorities; mitigation; adaptation; loss and damage; finance; and implementation. Integrating health within climate plans will support:

• addressing health impacts: tackling the diverse health effects of climate change;

• strengthening health systems: enhancing climate resilience and decarbonisation in health systems; and

• promoting co-benefits: focusing on key sectors that have a strong influence both on health and climate change mitigation and adaptation, such as transportation and energy.

In addition to its own initiatives, WHO convenes 90 countries and 75 partners through the Alliance for Transformative Action on Climate and Health (ATACH). This platform was established to advance the commitments made at COP26 for building climate-resilient and sustainable health systems.

ATACH promotes the integration of climate change and health nexus into respective national, regional, and global plans using the collective power of WHO Member States and other stakeholders to drive this agenda forward with urgency and scale.

António Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations, said: “The climate crisis is also a health crisis. Human health and planetary health are intertwined. Countries must take meaningful action to protect their people, boost resources, cut emissions, phase out fossil fuels, and make peace with nature. COP29 must drive progress towards those vital goals for the planet’s health and for people’s health.”

Dr Rajiv J. Shah, President of The Rockefeller Foundation: “The impact of climate change has to be measured in more than degrees: we have to account for lives saved, lost, and improved. The Rockefeller Foundation is working closely with the World Health Organisation and many other partners to centre health considerations in all climate action, including efforts to enable just energy transitions and to increase economic opportunities for people living in frontline communities.”

Dr Vanessa Kerry, WHO Director-General Special Envoy for Climate Change Health: “This report exposes how the accelerating climate and health crisis impacts more than just our health – it undermines economies, deepens inequities, and fuels political instability. As leaders gather for COP29, we urge them to fast-track a just transition and increase funding for health systems and frontline health workers to protect the most vulnerable. Health must be central in climate discussions, metrics, and Nationally Determined Contributions. To safeguard people, economies, and global security, health must be at the heart of climate action. We can’t afford to wait.”

Dr Alan Dangour, Director of Climate & Health at Wellcome: “In every single country, climate change is costing lives, causing pain and suffering. It is a common crisis that must unite us to act, and act quickly. At COP29, countries must grasp the opportunity to commit to ambitious cross-government climate actions that both protect the planet and improves health for all. By working together, we can still change our current course and save lives.”

Dr Micaela Serafini, President, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Switzerland: “Today, we are in an unacceptable situation where the world’s most vulnerable people are paying the highest price for a problem they did not cause. Solutions to safeguard their health must be prioritised, with the well-being of people placed at the heart of climate action. Failing to do so will take a toll on the very vitals of humanity.”

Jagan Chapagain, Secretary General, The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC): “From the impacts of extreme heat to the spread of illnesses through floodwaters, from malnutrition as crops fail to mosquito-borne diseases where they haven’t been seen before, the climate crisis is the ultimate health crisis. This report is vital – highlighting how climate change makes us sick and what we need to do about it.”

COP29: Vanuatu-driven ICJ climate change case looms amid emissions rise

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With a new, revised schedule announced this week, the stage is set for the International Court of Justice (ICJ) proceedings on the obligations of States under international law in respect of climate change. The first day of testimony will now feature a delegation from Vanuatu, the Pacific Island State that initiated the request for the advisory opinion from the ICJ.

President Nikenike Vurobaravu
President Nikenike Vurobaravu of Vanuatu

The climate change advisory opinion is the largest case ever before the ICJ, with record numbers of written statements and comments already submitted and 110 States and Intergovernmental Organisations scheduled to make oral presentations next month. At a briefing several days before the start of COP29, the UN’s annual climate change talks, Vanuatu’s government called on nations around the world to finally and decisively act on climate change.

With COP29 set to begin November 11 in Azerbaijan, many delegations from Small Island Developing States attending the meeting are looking to the ICJ and its advisory opinion to compel more significant global efforts to lower emissions and address the already growing impacts of climate change.

According to the October 2024 report from the United Nations Environment Programme, global greenhouse gas emissions continued to increase in 2023. The G20 countries (excluding the African Union) were responsible for 77% of all emissions; in comparison, the 47 least developed countries combined were responsible for just 3%.

The ICJ case, led at the State-level by Vanuatu, seeks to clarify the legal obligations of States to combat climate change and protect vulnerable communities. Vanuatu contributes only 0.02% of global greenhouse gas emissions yet suffers disproportionately from climate impacts. For decades, Pacific Island States have experienced devastating impacts of climate change, including increasingly severe cyclones, rising sea levels and land degradation. These disasters have displaced communities, threatened livelihoods and eroded local economies.

The ICJ is scheduled to hear oral statements and impact testimonies on the case starting on December 2; 94 oral statements will be given by States, including a joint statement by the Nordic States, and 12 will be given from intergovernmental organisations including the European Union and the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). The ICJ also received 91 written submissions and over 60 additional written comments, making the advisory proceedings the largest case in the history of the ICJ.

Ralph Regenvanu, Special Envoy for Climate Change and Environment for the Republic of Vanuatu, said: “Vanuatu and other small island states are among the most affected by climate change, even though they contribute only a fraction to global emissions. The lack of progress at UN climate change talks in lowering emissions and slowing down climate change – despite the Paris Agreement – necessitates legal action.”

Margaretha Wewerinke-Singh, Attorney at Blue Ocean Law and legal counsel for Vanuatu in the ICJ case, said: “This case addresses the ongoing violation of fundamental legal norms, including human rights, through the destruction of Earth’s climate system. The damage being inflicted represents an unlawful assault on the very foundations of life itself.

“Communities are already suffering devastating losses and damages from disappearing territories and livelihoods to forced displacement and death. The continuing degradation of our climate system infringes upon established rights to life, health, culture, and self-determination – with the world’s most vulnerable peoples suffering the gravest violations.”

Cristelle Pratt, Assistant Secretary General, Environment & Climate Action, Organisation of African Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS), said: “The remarkable coalition supporting this case extends far beyond small island developing states. We have seen strong backing from nations across Latin America, Africa, Europe, and Asia. This isn’t simply about island nations – it is about all countries (and their communities and citizens) recognising that the destruction from climate change violates fundamental principles of international law. We all hope that the ICJ advisory opinion on the obligations of States with respect to Climate Change will compel everyone on our Blue Planet to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.”

Vishal Prasad, Campaign Director for the Pacific Islands Students Fighting Climate Change (PISFCC), said: “For our generation and for the Pacific Islands, the climate crisis is an existential threat. It is a matter of survival, and the world’s biggest economies are not taking this crisis seriously. We need the ICJ to protect the rights of people at the frontlines, those now and those who will come after us. This is a historic opportunity to shape the development of international law to work for us.”

Forests get a boost from new GCF policy on REDD+ results-based payments

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The Green Climate Fund (GCF) has adopted a landmark policy on REDD+ results-based payments, a major boon for forest finance. The decision was made at the 40th meeting of the GCF Board.

Mafalda Duarte
GCF Executive Director, Mafalda Duarte

REDD+ (Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation) is based on the principle that developing countries which reduce their emissions from deforestation and forest degradation can receive financial compensation, known as results-based payments. This is a highly efficient way of financing emissions reductions, as payment is made for verified emissions reductions.

In addition, REDD+ results-based payments deliver a wide range of adaptation and other benefits, including supporting forest-related livelihoods, biodiversity and other ecological services.

Why is the REDD+ results-based payments policy important?

The policy permanently integrates REDD+ results-based payments into GCF’s regular project activity cycle. This will significantly enhance the predictability of REDD+ financing, providing a powerful incentive for developing countries to embark on REDD+ and reduce their emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.

The price of $8 per tonne – a 60 per cent increase on previous REDD+ results-based payments provided by GCF – reflects the strong environmental integrity of eligible results and is a nod to forests’ immense contribution to climate change mitigation and adaptation. With many countries immediately eligible, GCF expects results-based payments to flow in the hundreds of millions to countries from all regions and all categories, including Small Island Developing States and Least Developed Countries, under the current GCF programming cycle alone (2024-2027).

Mainstreaming results-based payments into GCF programming will ensure they are fully consistent and compliant with all GCF policies, including the Gender Policy, Indigenous Peoples’ Policy, and environmental and social safeguards – in addition to the Cancún Safeguards already agreed under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

The policy also complements GCF’s newly revamped Readiness Programme, which will enable countries to top up their existing REDD+ Readiness efforts and swiftly become eligible for results-based payments under the new policy.

COP29: Time for real climate finance, fossil fuel phaseout

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The stakes are once again high as the world heads to the 29th Conference of the Parties on Climate Change (COP29) from November 11-22, 2024, in Baku, Azerbaijan, which takes place in a year of record-breaking temperatures, unprecedented weather events across the globe, off-the-rails climate policies, missing climate finance, and just days after the election of Donald Trump as president of the United States.

Mukhtar Babayev
Mukhtar Babayev, COP29 President-Designate

This year’s focus, climate finance, underscores the urgency of delivering funding at a scale and ambition sufficient to confront the climate crisis and help with a fast and fair energy transition in the Global South. Yet, if governments’ failure to address the key driver of the crisis — fossil fuel production and use — persists, even the most ambitious finance measures will fall short.

No climate finance would be enough without a full, fast, and fair phase-out of fossil fuels. Despite decades of discussions and the largely absent mention of fossil fuels, governments are way off track on their commitments to keep global warming below the 1.5°C limit and to avert the most catastrophic impacts on human rights. 

As world leaders convene in Baku, they face a pivotal moment: COP29 is expected to reach an agreement on carbon markets — a dangerous distraction allowing countries to trade greenhouse gas emissions “credits” rather than reduce emissions to help achieve climate goals — and to signal how they will strengthen their national climate plans (NDCs) due in early 2025 (hint: committing to an urgent, full, and timebound fossil fuel phaseout, without loopholes or limitations, is key).

Delivering on Climate Finance

Dubbed the “Finance COP,” COP29 will focus heavily on adopting a new climate finance target, marking the first time in 15 years that countries will reevaluate the amount and type of finance developing countries receive to pay for climate action since the $100 billion annual target was set in 2009. This is a target that the world’s developed and wealthiest nations have consistently failed to meet, as the $100 billion by 2020 goal was reached two years too late, breaking trust with developing countries and those most vulnerable to climate change and hampering global climate progress.

After years of unmet commitments and, more recently, technical dialogues about both the quantity and quality of the finance, countries will commit to a new collective quantified goal (NCQG) on climate finance — a chance to commit to climate finance that matches the scale of today’s crises. The NCQG is not intended to solve all climate finance issues, but it is a crucial piece of the puzzle.

The financial goal is not symbolic or optional: setting and delivering it is a legal obligation

The finance goal is not merely symbolic. Committing to and actually providing adequate and necessary funding is critical and essential to helping countries vulnerable to climate change pursue clean energy and other low-carbon solutions, build climate resilience, and fulfill or strengthen their national climate pledges. Countries in vulnerable regions need reliable resources to transition fairly, adopt clean energy, and prepare for worsening climate impacts.

The magnitude, form, and source of the financing

In Baku, negotiators and political leaders face key decisions, including the ultimate NCQG top-line dollar figure — in billions or trillions — and whether separate targets will be established for mitigation, adaptation, and loss and damage. Other key considerations include which countries will be included as those who provide finance under this goal, whether certain financial instruments (such as grants or concessional loans) will be favoured, and how they will ensure transparency.

Climate finance must encompass money for mitigation, adaptation, and loss and damage

In addition to finance for mitigation and adaptation, wealthy nations have an obligation to provide climate finance to developing countries for loss and damage rather than continuing their years of delay and obstruction to avoid remedying the harms they have caused. 

 It’s past time for empty promises and failing to deliver. We need real finance, and we need it now.

Carbon Markets Are Not Climate Finance

With increased attention to the massive funding gap for climate mitigation, adaptation and loss and damage, growing numbers of carbon market proponents are fashioning carbon trading as climate finance. But purchasing carbon credits to obtain a free pass to continue polluting, chiefly through fossil fuel production and use, cannot be considered true climate finance. Carbon offsets that allow polluters to buy emissions reductions from other countries instead of reducing their own emissions do not enhance overall levels of climate mitigation or adaptation — which is the very defining feature of climate finance. They must not be used as an escape hatch or excuse for developed countries to avoid their legal obligations to provide financing for mitigation, adaptation, and loss and damage, particularly in the Global South. 

Wealthy countries that bear the greatest cumulative responsibility for the climate crisis are overdue on their payment of predictable, new, and additional grants-based climate finance, and they must agree to put real money on the table — not hide behind dangerous schemes like carbon markets and offsets that may be generated from illusory technologies for CO2 “removal” and geoengineering. These carbon markets primarily serve to delay effective climate action and bring risks to peoples and the environment.

Global South countries and communities on the front line of the climate crisis need real climate finance and should not be forced to accept carbon markets and the pressure to generate offsets to allow Global North polluters to continue business as usual because Global North countries continue to fail to live up to their obligations. Only offering a form of financing that ultimately undermines ambition and global climate action and likely increases the cost of mitigation measures Global South countries will have to take now and in the future to meet their climate goals is not in line with climate justice.

One of the thorniest issues at COP29

Article 6 of the Paris Agreement allows countries to trade carbon credits toward achieving their national climate goals. For example, a country rich in tropical rainforests could sell credits calculated on the basis of deforestation avoided or CO2 absorbed by forests to generate funds for forest protection (carbon offsets). However, that country wouldn’t get to count those emissions reductions or removals toward their own climate mitigation targets; instead, the countries purchasing the credits would count the resulting emissions reductions or removals toward their own national climate targets.

It’s fundamentally flawed — these Global South credit-generating countries are effectively trading away the cheapest climate action. Rules for these carbon markets have been on the agenda of the climate talks for years, and while a basic rubric was adopted at COP26, fully operationalising the carbon markets has lagged behind many of the other rules for implementing the Paris Agreement. And they have to be ironed out before trading can begin. 

Many carbon market mechanisms create loopholes for polluters while posing significant risks to human rights, the rights of Indigenous Peoples, and the environment. They also serve as a dangerous distraction from the real climate action that is needed. The fundamental flaws make it all the more critical that, if markets are to be used, the right rules for trading carbon credits are agreed to before any activity takes place. It is exceedingly important to minimise the environmental damage of international carbon markets and mitigate the risk as they undermine global emission cuts or impact the rights and livelihoods of communities worldwide.

Since failing to reach a full agreement on the Article 6 rules at COP28, Parties have tried to find common ground. Notably, the Supervisory Body for the newly named Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism (PACM), which involves carbon crediting between countries and various other entities, has reached conclusions on a flawed grievance mechanism and a Sustainable Development Tool.

The Supervisory Body has also tried again to reach an agreement on two standards (methodology requirements and activities involving removals) that provide the technical underpinnings for carbon crediting and that have not been accepted by the Parties in their previous iterations at COP27 and COP28 Concerningly, this time, the Supervisory Body has taken a different approach.

Rather than presenting the recommendations to the COP as in years past, the Supervisory Body claims these standards are fully operational and just need to be noted by the Parties in Baku. This attempt to circumvent oversight could set a dangerous precedent and it undermines the integrity of the PACM from the beginning. 

Rather than focusing on this false solution to fossil fuel phaseout and finance, Parties should step up and take the climate action needed and put real money on the table to support the ambition required to tackle the climate crisis. 

A strong financial outcome without loopholes in Baku will help ensure that all countries have the resources they need to pursue a just transition to a climate-safe, fossil-free future centered on human rights and on the needs and demands of the poorest countries in the most vulnerable contexts. 

At a moment when countries are reevaluating their climate commitments, COP29 also offers a chance for major emitting nations to demonstrate stronger leadership, putting forward more ambitious climate plans and recommitting to deliver on these.

A Finance COP will be meaningless if leaders fail to take clear, actionable steps to commit to real finance and to end all fossil fuels, fast, fairly, and forever.

By Erika Lennon, Senior Attorney for the Climate and Energy Programme at the Centre for International Environmental Law, and Rossella Recupero, Communications Campaign Specialist at the Centre for International Environmental Law

Taraba-Adamawa border town mining incident, one mishap too many – RDI

The Renevlyn Development Initiative (RDI) has called on the Taraba and Adamawa State Governments to investigate a mining pit incident at an illegal mining site located within a national game reserve spanning Gashaka Local Government Area in Taraba State and Toungo Local Government Area in Adamawa State which led to 22 deaths.

Dele Alake
Dr Dele Alake, Minister of Solid Minerals Development

It was learnt that the dead who were mainly young people were mining gold in an area known as the Buffa zone within the Gashaka-Gumti National Park, covering parts of both Gashaka and Toungo. All the 22 miners trapped in the pit are presumed dead.

The incident, involving miners from various parts of Nigeria, including Zamfara and Adamawa, comes barely three months after a similar incident in Shiroro, Niger State, which also killed dozens. Some trapped victims were reportedly abandoned by the state government for weeks until the outcry of the natives forced the authorities to scramble to recover the dead bodies.

In relation to the current incident, RDI Executive Director, Philip Jakpor, said: The mine collapse incident and needless deaths in the national game reserve area spanning Gashaka and Toungo LGAs in Taraba and Adamawa states respectively is one incident too many. A few months ago, it was Shiroro in Niger State.

“We have said it time and again that proper oversight functions in communities where solid minerals are extracted is practically nil. Unregulated mining perpetrated by foreign nationals, especially the Chinese and their local collaborators, is responsible for a growing number of deaths of school age children. It is unacceptable. We call on the government to investigate this incident and bring the operators of the illegal mines to book.”

Jakpor warned that the failure of government to stem the growing illegal solid minerals mining operations across the country would create situations similar to the oil belt of the Niger Delta where oil has become a curse instead of a blessing to the locals.

“We find it disturbing that at a time that the global community is strategising for host communities on the issues of governance and benefit sharing, local communities in Nigeria where solid minerals including transition minerals are mined are now becoming victims of the unregulated activities of illegal and artisan miners. This is unacceptable,” Jakpor stated.

COP29: HOMEF seeks decisive climate action, urges reforms to address injustice

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Health of Mother Earth Foundation (HOMEF), courtesy of a recently convened webinar titled “The Emission Gaps and the Road to COP 29”, brought together environmental experts, activists, and public interest lawyers to discuss urgent issues surrounding global climate policy, emissions reduction, and the upcoming COP29.

COP29
COP29 hold in Baku, Azerbaijan November 2024

Speakers reviewed the evolution of COP conferences and pointed to critical milestones, such as the Kyoto Protocol of 1997 and the Paris Agreement of 2015.

They noted, however, that COP’s current voluntary emission targets – known as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) – fall short, pushing the world dangerously close to catastrophic temperature increases. Participants critiqued COP’s structure, which continues to benefit wealthy nations and the private sector at the expense of vulnerable communities.

Ruth Nyambura, an African ecofeminist with Ramani Collective, argued that the emissions gap reflects more than just figures; it represents ongoing injustices – wars, inequality, and human rights abuses. She highlighted how the fossil fuel industry and military-industrial complex drive environmental devastation and land dispossession, especially across African nations and the broader Global South.

“For participatory frameworks to ensure these funds serve communities genuinely impacted by climate change and avoiding absorption by elites or corrupt governments. A decentralised approach to climate policy would better meet the real needs of frontline communities.”

Nyambura called for a reevaluation of COP data and narratives to dismantle rather than reinforce colonial power structures while highlighting the limitations of current multilateral structures, prioritising powerful nations and sidelining local voices.

Fadhel Kaboub, an associate professor of economics at Denison University and Senior Advisor with PowerShift Africa, noted that global warming targets would be impossible to achieve under current fossil fuel extraction rates, leaving Africa’s renewable potential largely untapped due to a lack of financing and technology transfer.

Kaboub advocated for climate reparations, structured as grants rather than loans, to address the historical carbon debt owed by industrialised countries.

“These reparations would finance Africa’s self-sufficiency through renewable energy and food sovereignty initiatives. As COP29 approaches, we must center the voices of those most affected by climate injustice, especially in the Global South. African leaders must stand against further fossil fuel exploitation and demand policies that truly transform our continent,” said Kaboub.

Thuli Makama, a public interest attorney and Africa Senior Advisor at Oil Change International, emphasised that the “pipeline of resistance” needed to counter false narratives around climate action that profit corporations while harming vulnerable communities.

Makama encouraged civil society to resist co-optation by COP processes and instead invest in counter-COP forums, which allow for open discussion on the root causes of climate change.

“COP 29 should focus on accountability. The calls include climate finance, technology transfer, and addressing loss and damage – a COP where fossil fuel interests do not dominate and where the voices of impacted communities are prioritised. African leaders should reject fossil fuel expansion and promote biodiversity protection and renewable energy solutions aligned with Africa’s sustainable development,” added Makama.

HOMEF’s Director, Nnimmo Bassey, emphasised that fossil fuel interests remain heavily represented within COP, creating a shield from accountability despite their contribution to the climate crisis.

“The COP process has prioritised market-based solutions that do not address the systemic causes of emissions, such as extractive capitalism and entrenched global power structures. Instead of driving meaningful climate action, these ‘solutions’ are deepening the crisis,” said Bassey.

The dialogue, led by Bassey, called for radical reforms to address COP’s historic failings and the inequalities that persist in climate negotiations.

Panelists agreed on the need for a global resistance movement to unite feminists, labour unions, indigenous communities, and environmental activists to challenge structures perpetuating climate injustice.

Ghana’s women in forestry observe ‘Pink October’ with focus on health

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In October 2024, as has been tradition since 1985, the global community united in a vigorous campaign aimed at eradicating breast cancer. The month-long initiative, known as “Pink October,” seeks to raise awareness and reduce stigma surrounding breast cancer symptoms and treatment.

Pink October
Mrs. Dorothy Anim sensitising members of the Women in Forestry on gynaecological cancers

Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women globally and led to over 670,000 deaths in 2022, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO).

In solidarity with this year’s Pink October, members of the Ghanaian “Women in Forestry” group dedicated their final meeting of the year to discussions beyond professional development, focusing on cancers that affect women. The aim was to promote general health and well-being among the group’s members, who include professional foresters, forest governance advocates, legal experts on natural resources, and media practitioners reporting on forestry issues.

At their meeting on Wednesday, October 23, 2024, in Kumasi, members received an overview of gynecologic cancers, cancers affecting a woman’s reproductive organs. This includes cervical, ovarian, uterine (or endometrial), fallopian tube, vaginal, and vulvar cancers, which contribute to nearly 40% of all cancer cases and account for 30% of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide, according to GLOBOCAN.

Presenting on these cancers, Mrs. Dorothy Anim, an oncology nurse from the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, noted that “Cervical cancer is the most common, representing approximately 57.8% of all gynecologic cancers. It is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, claiming about 342,000 lives globally each year.” She highlighted that Ghana has one of the highest incidences of cervical cancer globally.

Mrs. Anim explained that risk factors for gynecologic cancers include family history, obesity, hormone replacement therapy, HIV, smoking, alcohol use, and having multiple sexual partners. Common signs and symptoms include post-menopausal bleeding, irregular bleeding before menopause, abnormal vaginal discharge, abdominal bloating, and changes in skin colour.

Concluding her presentation, Mrs. Anim emphasised that prevention and successful treatment of gynecologic cancers are possible, particularly with awareness of risk factors, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and avoiding smoking, alcohol, and unsafe sexual practices. Regular screenings and awareness of symptoms are also key to early detection and improved outcomes.

This year’s Pink October theme, “No One Should Face Breast Cancer Alone,” underscored the importance of early detection, timely diagnosis, comprehensive treatment, and support for those affected by breast cancer. In Ghana, over 4,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer annually, with half succumbing to the disease. Studies show that Ghanaian women often receive a diagnosis at advanced stages, increasing mortality risks. Additionally, research indicates that Black women are more likely to die from breast cancer at every age.

The observance of Pink October in Ghana this year also underscored the need for intensified awareness nationwide and across Africa, especially regarding breast and other cancers affecting women.

In addition to the health discussions, the Women in Forestry members were briefed on the Affirmative Action (Gender Equality) Act of 2024. This Act seeks to increase women’s participation in public life, setting a minimum of 30% representation with a target of 50% by 2030.

Ann-Marie Palmer-Burkle from TaylorCrabbe Legal Firm discussed the establishment of a Gender Equality Committee under the Act. This committee will work with independent bodies, including the Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice, National Commission for Civic Education, National Media Commission, and the Electoral Commission, to ensure adherence to gender equality principles.

During an open discussion, members welcomed the Affirmative Action Act as a significant advancement for gender equality in Ghana, expressing optimism that the Gender Equality Committee will effectively fulfill its mandate.

By Ama Kudom-Agyemang

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