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As Nigerian youths rise against tobacco abuse

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By happenstance, 16-year-old Blessing Obiabo found herself on the frontline of a national movement.

Obiabo, a student of Lyngra Private Montessori School in Karu, Nasarawa State, found her voice the day Cedars Refuge Foundation (CRF) brought its anti-tobacco campaign to her school.

tobacco smoking
According to scientists, tobacco smoking is dangerous to health

“We are not fools; this is our future, and we are taking it back,” she said.

Obiabo’s declaration mirrors a growing wave of youth-led resistance sweeping across Nigeria, fueled by the CRF’s Students Congress Against Tobacco (SCAT) initiative.

The programme, inaugurated under the banner of a “Tobacco-free Revolution,” is a response to what CRF describes as a calculated and aggressive invasion by the tobacco industry into the lives of young Nigerians.

The Executive Director of CRF, Mr Peter Unekwu-Ojo, minced no words at the campaign inauguration in Karu.

“The tobacco industry is a well-dressed cartel selling flavoured slavery.

“They are not selling lifestyle; they are selling addiction, bubble-wrapped in mango flourish and influencer smiles.”

According to Unekwu-Ojo, the tactics of the tobacco industry have become more deceptive than ever.

“Gone are the days of plain cigarettes; in their place are brightly-packaged e-cigarettes, vapes, and other nicotine products, flavoured, flashy, and dangerously appealing to teenagers.

“It is the same poison, just packaged in sleek tech and tropical flavours.

“These flavoured products, often promoted through digital marketing and pop culture influencers, create the illusion of harmless fun, masking the reality of addiction and long-term health consequences.”

The SCAT programme, now active in several schools across Nasarawa and Abuja, was created to expose and counter these tactics.

It promotes in-school advocacy, peer-led clubs, creative campaigns, and dialogues with teachers, parents, and community leaders.

Unekwu-Ojo emphasised the call for urgent reforms, including a nationwide ban on flavoured tobacco and nicotine products, higher tobacco taxes, strict penalties for marketing to minors, and the enforcement of school-based prevention programmes.

“If we do not protect the future in classrooms, we will be fighting addiction in clinics,” he warned.

Mr. Abba Owoicho, CRF’s Programme/Operations Officer, weighed in.

“We are witnessing a silent epidemic thriving on ignorance and regulatory loopholes.

“SCAT is not just a campaign; it is a counter-offensive,” he said.

At the school level, educators are stepping up.

Mrs. Blessing Onu, Head Teacher at Lyngra, welcomed the initiative.

“Our students will not be left defenceless in the face of such a manipulative industry,” she said, announcing the establishment of a Tobacco-Free Club in the school.

Mr. Pius Nnaemeka, a senior teacher, appealed directly to national authorities.

“If we continue to play soft while our children inhale poison, history will not forgive us.

“The government must outlaw flavoured tobacco, fund preventive education, and support civil society groups championing this cause,” he said.

These school-based actions are mirrored across other institutions.

At Klinnicaps Academy in Koroduma, another CRF outreach event themed “Exposing Lies, Protecting Lives” engaged students in interactive sessions that peeled back the façade of flavoured products.

Unekwu-Ojo told the students that the industries were setting young people up against their future.

“They sandwich their products with glamorous colourful packaging and high-profile adverts, hiding the dangerous consequences of addiction.”

He described the educational sessions as a wake-up call.

“Tobacco use is not a fashion statement; it is a death sentence disguised in shiny colours,” he said.

Mr. John Egla, Executive Director of Development Initiatives for Societal Health, reinforced the message: “There is no safe level of smoking.”

He cited global statistics from the 2018 Tobacco Atlas, noting that more than 942 million men and 175 million women worldwide smoke, with rising usage among African youth.

In response, CRF is establishing Tobacco-Free Clubs in at least 10 more schools in Nasarawa State, equipping students with peer leadership and advocacy tools.

The message is resonating beyond classrooms.

In Katsina State, the Commissioner for Health, Alhaji Musa Adamu-Funtua, recently stressed the importance of school-based campaigns.

Speaking during World Tobacco Day celebrations, he warned that a society that allowed the exploitation of its youth by profit-driven tobacco companies is a society at risk.

Adamu-Funtua urged joint efforts among government agencies, civil society, parents and youths.

“Let us choose health over harm, strength over addiction,” he said.

The Civil Society Legislative Advocacy Centre (CISLAC) has also thrown its weight behind tobacco control.

At a recent workshop in Bauchi, its Senior Programme Officer, Mr Solomon Adoga, highlighted tobacco’s role in multiple cancers and reproductive health challenges.

“Tobacco significantly contributes to Nigeria’s cancer burden,” he said.

CISLAC’s Executive Director, Auwal Rafsanjani, called for urgent policy reforms, stronger laws, and intensified awareness campaigns to stem tobacco-related deaths.

Beyond the halls of policy and classrooms, the anti-tobacco wave is being carried by mothers.

In Ilorin, Kwara, a march led by Bundies Care Support Initiative and other groups amplified maternal voices demanding action.

Mrs. Funmilayo Osiegbu, Executive Director of the initiative, sounded a note of warning.

“We cannot stand by while our children are exposed to harmful tobacco products.

“We are urging the government to enact policies that shield young people.”

Inspired by international campaigns such as Tobacco-Free Jordan, the Kwara mothers demanded full implementation of Nigeria’s National Tobacco Control Act.

“This includes stricter enforcement of bans on advertising and sponsorship, and stronger measures to prevent youth access,” she said.

Kwara’s Commissioner for Women Affairs, Mrs Afolashade Opeyemi, reaffirmed government’s support.

“The administration has zero tolerance for smoking any substance,” she said.

Also, health experts lend their support.

Prof. Abiodun Afolayan, Chair of the Nigeria Cancer Society in Kwara, warned that lung cancer had become the most common cancer worldwide, driven largely by smoking.

“Often, the damage only appears when it is too late,” he said.

Mr. Lekan Mikail, Special Adviser on Drug Abuse to the Kwara Governor, urged parents to stay vigilant.

“We must protect our children from this slow and silent killer,” he said.

As the SCAT initiative prepares to expand to 30 schools by 2025, it is clear that a national youth-driven movement is taking root.

From Obiabo’s defiance to policymakers’ endorsements, Nigeria is witnessing a shift in its tobacco control landscape.

But for CRF’s Unekwu-Ojo, the work is far from over.

“Every child deserves a future free from the industry’s traps, flavoured nicotine, flashy adverts, and peer-induced pressure,” he said.

His words echo in classrooms, streets, and government chambers across the country; the call is no longer just to awareness, but to action.

Mrs. Precious Ojiaku, Dean of Studies at Klinnicaps Academy, said tobacco had no place in the future of Nigerian youth.

“Living a morally grounded life and rejecting these traps is the strongest resistance we can teach,” she said.

With the ongoing concerted efforts, stakeholders believe the threat posed by tobacco can be contained.

By Abiemwense Moru, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

Five deaths in Italy as heatwave paralyses parts of southern Europe

Five deaths have been reported in Italy as extreme heat continues to affect parts of southern Europe.

Europe heatwave
Tourists in Rome struggle in the heat. Photo credit: AFP/Getty

By 10 a.m. (0800 GMT) on Wednesday, July 23, 2025, temperatures had already exceeded 30 degrees Celsius in Sicily.

Turkey and Greece were also experiencing high temperatures, with the Turkish city of Istanbul reaching 36 degrees Celsius and the Greek island of Lesbos 38 degrees Celsius by the same time.

In Athens, the Acropolis and other popular ancient sites were to be closed during the midday hours.

Delivery service employees, construction workers and agricultural workers have also been instructed to stop work.

Greek law requires such measures for outdoor work when temperatures climb above 40 degrees Celsius, as is expected on Wednesday and in the coming days.

Doctors have warned that elderly people and small children in particular should not spend time outdoors, that people should drink plenty of water and avoid alcohol.

The Italian authorities said there have been at least five deaths in the southern Apulia region alone in the last few days that could be related to the high temperatures.

In Palermo, the capital of Sicily, the highest heat alert level is in effect.

Heat warnings are also in place in more than a dozen other cities.

A high-pressure area from Africa, which meteorologists have named Kamel, is expected to bring temperatures of up to 45 degrees Celsius to the south of Italy.

Turkey is also groaning under the heat.

On Tuesday, temperatures of over 40 degrees Celsius were recorded in six of the country’s 81 provinces, and temperatures are expected to climb even higher on Wednesday.

The heat is compounded by drought, which allows forest fires to spread more quickly.

The emergency services are currently battling three active fires.

Lagos unveils N500bn agric initiative to boost food security

Gov. Babajide Sanwo-Olu of Lagos State on Wednesday, July 23, 2025, launched a ₦500 billion Uptake Guarantee Fund aimed at transforming the state’s food system, reducing hunger, and boosting inclusive economic opportunities.

Lagos State
Gov. Babajide Sanwo-Olu of Lagos State with other dignitaries at the launch

Speaking at the event, Sanwo-Olu said the initiative was borne out of the state’s urgent need to reimagine its food security structure following the vulnerabilities exposed by COVID-19, climate change, and global supply disruptions.

“Our vision is to build a resilient and self-sustaining food system that feeds Lagos now and in the future.

“This fund is a safety net that connects producers to consumers with dignity and efficiency,” he said.

He said a comprehensive study conducted by the state showed that Lagos consumes over 50 per cent of the food produced in the Southwest, highlighting the urgency for internal production and distribution solutions.

“Lagos has a food economy that’s growing for over 60 years, but recent shocks have shown how exposed we are.

“We must now feed our people sustainably, and this fund is the vehicle to get us there,” he said.

Sanwo-Olu added that the state had restructured its governance framework by renaming the Ministry of Agriculture to the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Systems in 2024.

“This is a deliberate move to reflect the human, social, and economic complexities of food security.

“Agriculture is no longer just about farming, it is about jobs, dignity, and survival,” the governor said.

He thanked members of the Federal Executive Council and private sector partners present, saying the initiative aligns with the Renewed Hope Agenda of President Bola Tinubu.

“We are on the same frontline for food security, and we are working together to ensure Nigeria feeds itself,” Sanwo-Olu said.

Also speaking, the Lagos State Commissioner for Agriculture and Food Systems, Ms. Abisola Olusanya, said the fund was a decisive step toward rewiring the state’s food value chain through logistics efficiency, innovation, and rural-urban market integration.

“This fund will assure uptakers to buy, give farmers courage to plant, embolden financiers to invest, and reassure Lagosians of access to safe, affordable food,” she said.

She said the initiative stemmed from planning that began in 2019 with the launch of the state’s five-year Agricultural and Food Systems Roadmap.

According to her, the Lagos Fresh Hub was established to reduce post-harvest losses and stabilise food prices through coordinated aggregation and distribution.

“Our hubs are not just warehouses; they are bridges connecting rural abundance with city tables,” she said.

She also highlighted programmes such as the Lagos Agri-Innovation Club, the Agri-Preneurship Programme, and the Lagos Food Festival, noting that they had empowered youths and tech innovators to reimagine agriculture.

The Minister of State for Finance, Dr Doris Uzoka-Anite, described the intervention as a timely and commendable model for tackling food insecurity through collaborative action.

“This landmark initiative aligns perfectly with President Bola Tinubu’s Renewed Hope Agenda, which prioritises economic resilience and inclusive growth,” she said.

Uzoka-Anite said the Uptake Guarantee Fund would inspire confidence in the sector, promote food access, and protect livelihoods across the agricultural value chain.

“We are proud to support a framework that brings dignity to food production, secures supply chains, and empowers the real drivers of our economy the farmers, processors, and traders,” she said.

The Chief of Defence Staff, Gen. Christopher Musa, also commended the state government for the initiative.

Musa said that food security was essential to national peace and stability.

“A well-fed nation is a safer nation. When communities have food, crime reduces, and peace is more sustainable,” he said.

Musa urged the government to invest in ranch development as a sustainable solution to herder-farmer clashes.

“Building ranches across states will not only modernise livestock farming but also reduce the friction that often results in violence and displacement,” he added.

Founder of Heirs Holdings and philanthropist, Mr. Tony Elumelu, applauded the Lagos State Government for what he called a transformative step toward economic inclusion.

“This initiative will tackle the root causes of joblessness. Agriculture has the power to employ millions if we invest the right way,” Elumelu said.

He also pledged financial backing to the initiative for economic growth and development.

“We at Heirs Holdings are committing N25 billion to support this food systems transformation. We will work hand-in-hand with the Lagos State Government to scale its impact by creating jobs,” he said.

Dignitaries at the event included the Minister of Communications, Innovation and Digital Economy, Dr Bosun Tijani; Gov. Dapo Abiodun of Ogun; Gov. Muhammad Bago of Niger; Gov. Agbu Kefas of Taraba; and Gov. Usman Ododo of Kogi.

Others were Dr Obafemi Hamzat, Lagos State Deputy Governor; the Deputy Governor of Ondo State, Olayide Adelami; Kwara State Commissioner for Agriculture, Dr Afeez Alabi; members of the diplomatic corps, and representatives of farmer cooperatives from across the country.

By Mercy Omoike and Aderonke Ojediran

Ramsar COP15: Let’s protect wetlands, nature’s superheroes

“In our world of big names, curiously, our true heroes tend to be anonymous,”goes a quote by the American historian Daniel Joseph Boorstin.

Like these anonymous true heroes, wetlandsplay vital overlooked roles including provision of essential ecosystem services like flood control and water regulation, carbon sequestration, and climate regulation among others. Although they cover about 6% of the earth’s land surface area, they are home to about 40% of all plants and animal species, including birds which rely on these sites for breeding, feeding and resting during migration.

Hadejia Nguru Wetlands
Hadejia Nguru Wetlands in Nigeria

Further, these critical ecosystems support livelihoods of billions across the world. However, wetlands are disappearing at an alarming rate, world over. According to the just released 2025 Global Wetland Outlook (GWO) Report, the world has lost about 22% of these critical ecosystems, equivalent to more than half a billion football pitches, since the 1970s. Various factors including pollution, agricultural and developments in addition to climate change are driving this loss. In the Sahel region, for example, Lake Chad, bordering Chad, Nigeria, Niger, and Cameroon has shrunk from 26,000 square kilometres in the 1960s, to less than 1500 square kilometres today.

Protecting and restoring wetlands and securing the livelihoods of communities that depend on these areas is paramount. This is why BirdLife International, the world’s largest Nature Partnership, is working in 27 countries across Africa to protect key habitats including wetlands. This approach is underpinned by identifying and protecting wetlands along key migratory bird flyways.

Africa is home to key flyways including the African Eurasian Flyway, East Atlantic Flyway, major migration route for waterbirds, encompassing a network of wetlands across countries, which include Ramsar-listed Wetlands of International Importance.  Through collaboration with national BirdLife Partners, efforts are focused on implementing national conservation strategies.

An example of this is in Asia’s East Asian Australasian Flyway stretching from Siberia and Alaska to New Zealand and Australia. BirdLife in collaboration with the Asian Development Bank and the East Asian Australasian Flyway Partnership Secretariat launched a $3 billion Regional Flyway Initiative in 2021. This initiative aims at the protection and restoration of more than 50 key wetlands sites along the Flyway which are important sites for millions of migratory birds, in addition to supporting livelihoods of millions of people through fisheries and agriculture, among others.

Such models can be replicated across flyways, benefitting nature and people. Closer home, BirdLife Zimbabwe is working with local communities to protect the 201,194 hectares Driefontein Grasslands, home to 85% of Zimbabwe’s Wattled Crane population in addition to significant populations of the Endangered Grey Crowned Crane.

Financing is yet another critical component of wetlands’ conservation. According to the GWO Report, it is estimated that biodiversity conservation funding accounts for just 0.25% of global GDP, which is only approximately one-fifth of funds needed to address biodiversity loss, highlighting significant underinvestment. Consequently, there is need to increase investments in nature protection, including wetlands. Luckily, there are several innovative financing tools that can be leveraged. These include debt for nature swaps where debt relief can be provided in exchange for wetlands conservation commitments, green and blue bonds, carbon finance, Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes, and biodiversity credits among others.

Partnerships and collaborations with various stakeholders is paramount for protecting these critical ecosystems. Local communities who are custodians of wetlands, should be empowered to identify and implement relevant solutions to conserve wetlands. Equally important, is the need for policies and regulations which protect wetlands. Like migratory birds, wetlands connect countries, and their conservation necessitates, co-operation across boundaries.

From July 23 to 31, 2025, the world will convene in Zimbabwe for the Conference on Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar COP15). This is an opportunity for policymakers to articulate and adopt resolutions to enhance the protection of these delicate ecosystems. Every action counts and, together, let us protect these “anonymous heroes” for present and future generations.

By Julia Pierini and Kariuki Ndang’ang’a

Julia Pierini is the Chief Executive Officer, BirdLife Zimbabwe, while Kariuki Ndang’áng’a is the Regional Director for Africa, BirdLife International

The future of smallholder farming: How technology and finance can unlock Africa’s agricultural potential

Across Africa, smallholder farmers sit at the heart of the continent’s food systems, yet many remain trapped in cycles of low productivity, limited access to markets, and financial exclusion. At Solidaridad Southern Africa, we’ve seen firsthand how digital innovation and inclusive financing are changing that narrative – not just in theory, but on the ground.

Humphrey Nxumalo
Humphrey Nxumalo, Head of Programmes, Solidaridad Southern Africa

Take, for instance, in partnership with the Cotton Council of Malawi and the industry players we have seen how the introduction of e-payment systems in the cotton sector has increased transparency, security, and farmer confidence. That’s not just progress; it’s transformation.

From Pilot to Scale: A New Era for Agripreneurs

What’s remarkable is how these interventions are moving from pilot to scale. We are no longer testing concepts. We’re implementing solutions – across cotton fields, and emerging marketing centres – that are replicable, cost-effective, and inclusive. In every case, we’re guided by a simple principle: farmers should not just survive; they should thrive as agripreneurs.

Digital tools, especially mobile-based platforms, are proving to be powerful enablers. Farmers are now sending and receiving money across borders and districts without needing a brick-and-mortar bank. They’re registering loans, accessing weather-index insurance, and tracking repayment digitally. For financial institutions, input suppliers, and impact investors, this creates efficiency, traceability, and accountability, ultimately boosting investor confidence and reducing risk.

Inclusive by Design: Youth, Women, and the Digitally Underserved

Critically, inclusivity is at the centre of our design. Our programmes intentionally target women, youth, and differently abled individuals, ensuring that no one is left behind in this digital shift. And while rural connectivity and the cost of high-quality devices remain challenges, we’re building farmer digital ecosystems that are adaptable, inclusive, and interoperable – laying the groundwork for a broader digital transformation in agriculture.

Surprisingly, when it comes to money, literacy isn’t the biggest barrier. Farmers understand value, timing, and commitment. We’ve seen loan recovery rates that outperform traditional models, because when services are relevant and fair, farmers show up – and pay up.

A Call to Government: Partnering for Scalable Impact

Of course, this journey isn’t without hurdles. Unreliable internet connectivity can delay payments. Capturing high-resolution, geotagged farm photos requires advanced devices that many rural agents cannot yet afford. But the path is clear: as we digitise more layers of agriculture – from planting to payment – we are making the sector more resilient, transparent, and scalable.

Now is the time for governments to come on board – not just as regulators, but as partners in progress. By embracing digital finance, supporting farmer data systems, and incentivising regenerative practices, public institutions can vastly improve service delivery, particularly in rural and underserved areas.

Africa’s smallholder farmers are ready. With the right support, they’re not just the future of agriculture; they’re the future of inclusive economic growth. Let’s give them the tools and trust they need to lead the way.

By Humphrey Nxumalo, Head of Programmes, Solidaridad Southern Africa

NCDMB inspects training of 305 youths at Rivers varsity’s Marine and Offshore Technology Centre

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The Executive Secretary of the Nigerian Content Development and Monitoring Board (NCDMB), Felix Omatsola Ogbe, on Tuesday, July 22, 2025, inspected the ongoing training of 305 youths in specialised oil and gas industry skills at the Centre for Marine and Offshore Technology Development (CMOTD), Rivers State University (RSU).

NCDMB
Executive Secretary of the Nigerian Content Development and Monitoring Board (NCDMB), Felix Omatsola Ogbe (in black), with officials of the Rivers State University during the inspection

Sponsored by the NCDMB, the trainings cover seven technical areas, which include Automation, Instrumentation and Control, Mechanical/Process Piping and System Design/ Pressure Vessel and Heat Exchanges Design (PV-ELITE), Electrical Power Transformer Repairs and Maintenance, and Industrial/Practical Ship Design and Construction. Other specialist areas covered by the training include Oil Well Surveillance and Enhancement Analysis Training, Capacity Building on Big Data Analytics and International Class Welding, Fabrication and Qualification.

The programme is designed for four months and forms part of the Board’s Human Capacity Development initiative, curated to close identified indigenous manpower competency gaps. Participants were selected from the Nigerian Oil and Gas Joint Qualification System (NOGICJQS) which is the oil industry’s repository of human and technical competencies.

The Executive Secretary in his remarks charged the participants to make good value of the opportunity, emphasising that the skills they are acquiring are highly sought after in the oil and gas industry and beyond. He assured that NCDMB would continue to train Nigerians in key skills required in the operations of the oil industry and linkage sectors, and create employment opportunities, as part of the agency’s mandate, and to support the actualisation of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu administration’s aspirations for the economy.

Ogbe also visited the Advanced Marine Engineering and Offshore Engineering Research Centre, that was erected at the university by an international oil company as part of the Nigerian Content institutional strengthening initiative. The Executive Secretary promised that the furnishing and partitioning of the building would be executed, so the building can be utilised for the intended purpose. He also promised to review the delayed completion of the staff quarters, which the NCDMB built for the university.

The NCDMB boss and his delegation were received by the Vice Chancellor of the University, Prof. Isaac Zeb-Obipi; the National Chairman, Nigerian Institution of Marine Engineers and Naval Architects (NIMENA) / Chairman, Management Board, CMOTD, Dr. Sylvanus Eferebo; Dean, Faculty of Engineering, Prof. J. Akpa; and other management personnel of the university.

Dr. Eferebo informed that Rivers State University is designated by the Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN) as the centre of excellence in marine engineering, because of the school’s specialty in the area of study and the existence of three centres in marine studies in the institution.

He also affirmed that 70 percent of trainers for CMOTD’s programmes are being contributed from the oil and gas industry and other sectors, while 30 percent are from the university. The essence, he explained, is to ensure that the trainings contain a high flavour of industry’s requirements and comply with COREN’s regulations for industry’s representatives to play key roles in the formation of engineers in Nigeria.

Green electricity costs rapidly falling below oil, gas – IRENA

Around 91 per cent of renewable energy projects commissioned in 2024 was cheaper than fossil fuels, according to a study published on Tuesday, July 22, 2025.

Francesco La Camera
Francesco La Camera, IRENA’s Director-General

The report by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), found that the average cost of solar power was 41 per cent lower than the cheapest fossil fuel options, while onshore wind energy was 53 per cent cheaper.

UN Secretary General, António Guterres, hailed the findings as the dawn of a “new era.”

“The clean energy future is no longer a promise. It’s a fact,” Guterres said in New York at the presentation of the report. “No government, no industry, no special interest can stop it.”

“Countries that cling to fossil fuels are not protecting their economies they are sabotaging them,” said Guterres.

According to the study, the expansion of renewable energies not only brings progress in climate protection, but also has direct economic effects.

In 2024 alone, 582 gigawatts of new renewable capacity will be installed worldwide, “avoiding fossil fuel use valued at about 57 billion dollars,” it said in a press release.

According to the UN secretary general, a lack of investment in the industry would weaken countries’ competitiveness.

Those sticking to fossil fuels are missing out, he said, on the greatest economic opportunity of the 21st century.

Guterres also argued that countries would become more independent and less vulnerable by transitioning to renewables.

Energy crises such as the one experienced in Europe following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine could be avoided with renewable energies, he said.

There are no price spikes for sunlight. No embargoes on wind.

Environmentalists decry exploitation in carbon offset deals

Environmental stakeholders have raised alarm over ongoing carbon offset projects in Nigeria, calling them a dangerous form of modern exploitation that undermines local communities and ecosystems.

Carbon Offset Market
Carbon Offset

The stakeholders, comprising advocates and forest community leaders, voiced their concerns on Tuesday, July 22, 2025, in Benin during a dialogue organised by the Health of Mother Earth Foundation (HOMEF).

Carbon offsetting refers to compensatory actions taken by companies or countries responsible for greenhouse gas emissions.

These actions include paying for activities such as tree planting or forest conservation in other locations to “offset” or neutralise their carbon footprint.

While these carbon credits are traded in global markets, critics argue that the system is flawed, vulnerable to manipulation, and offers no real solution to the climate crisis.

In his opening remarks, Dr Nnimmo Bassey, Executive Director of HOMEF, said the carbon trading model was a ‘false solution’ that benefits foreign corporations while dispossessing local communities.

“Our people have always managed forests sustainably. When communities steward forests, they thrive. But once governments or corporations take over in the name of carbon protection, those forests become vulnerable,” he said.

Bassey disclosed that Nigeria had already lost over 90 per cent of its forest cover, with many so-called protected areas facing threats from illegal logging and mining.

He cited massive land grabs in Niger, Delta, and Cross River states, some as large as a million hectares, signed off under the guise of carbon offset projects.

HOMEF
A panel discussion session at the event

“These deals don’t benefit our communities. In Mozambique, families were paid just $100 for seven years to watch over trees. For the next 99 years, they were barred from farming or accessing forest resources. That is carbon slavery,” he said.

Bassey also criticised the alleged deceptive nature of long-term carbon contracts.

“A tree may live a thousand years, but it will still die. These contracts run for 20 years or more, claiming the carbon value, after which the trees can be felled, and the communities are left with nothing,” he added.

Also speaking, Rita Nwaka of Environmental Rights Action (ERA) challenged the global narrative that equates monoculture plantations with forests.

“Our forests are more than just trees. They provide food, medicine, livelihoods, and cultural identity. It is the communities, not corporations that are the rightful custodians,” she said.

She shared a story of a 78-year-old traditional midwife whose medicinal practice was lost after plantations destroyed the forest that supplied her herbs.

Another widow, she said, received just N14,000 as compensation for 15 acres of productive farmland.

Nwaka also condemned reports of militarisation and gender-based violence in areas affected by REDD+ and carbon trading projects.

She revealed that women had faced harassment and even shootings during peaceful protests against a palm oil firm in Edo.

“We say no to REDD+, no to carbon credits, and no to false solutions. These schemes prioritise profit over people,” she declared.

A Panelist, Orheke Prince, traced the origins of the carbon market to the Kyoto Protocol, faulting its framework for excluding the voices of communities directly impacted by such schemes.

“We were never part of the design. That’s why we are resisting it. Any solution that is not co-developed with us is a solution imposed against us,” he said.

The dialogue, themed “The Truth Behind the Carbon Offset Market”, drew participation from activists, forest dwellers, and scholars from across the Niger Delta.

By Usman Aliyu

Dangote Refinery imports 10m barrels of crude monthly from US, Africa loses $90bn annually to imported substandard fuel

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Africa is increasingly becoming a destination for cheap, often toxic petroleum products – many of which are blended to substandard levels that would not be permitted in Europe or North America. 

Dangote Refinery
Dangote Refinery

This concern was raised by the President/Chief Executive, Dangote Industries Limited, Aliko Dangote, during the ongoing West African Refined Fuel Conference in Abuja. The event is organised by the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPRA) and S&P Global Commodity Insights. 

Dangote revealed that, due to the continent’s limited domestic refining capacity, Africa imports over 120 million tonnes of refined petroleum products annually, at a cost of approximately $90 billion.

While appreciating the management of the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPC) for making some cargoes of Nigerian crude available to from start of production to date, he revealed that the company, monthly imports between 9 to 10 million barrels of crude from the United States of America and other countries.

He said: “As we speak today, we buy 9 to 10 million barrels of crude monthly from US and other countries. I must thank NNPC for making some cargoes of Nigerian crude available to us from start of production to date.” 

Dangote further stated that despite producing around 7 million barrels of crude oil per day, Africa only refines about 40% of its 4.3 million barrels daily consumption of refined products domestically. In stark contrast, Europe and Asia refine over 95% of what they consume. 

“So, while we produce plenty of crude, we still import over 120 million tonnes of refined petroleum products each year, effectively exporting jobs and importing poverty into our continent. That’s a $90 billion market opportunity being captured by regions with surplus refining capacity. To put this in perspective: only about 15% of African countries have a GDP greater than $90 billion. We are effectively handing over an entire continent’s economic potential to others – year after year,” he said.

While reaffirming his belief in the power of free markets and international cooperation, Dangote emphasised that trade must be grounded in economic efficiency and comparative advantage – not at the expense of quality or safety standards. He stressed that, “it defies logic and economic sense for Africa to be exporting raw crude only to re-import refined products – products we are more than capable of producing ourselves, closer to both source and consumption.”

Reflecting on the experience of delivering the world’s largest single-train refinery, Dangote also highlighted a range of challenges faced, including technical, commercial, and contextual hurdles unique to the African landscape. 

Africa’s wealthiest man described building refineries such as the Dangote Petroleum Refinery as one of the most capital-intensive and logistically complex industrial facilities ever constructed. The Dangote refinery project, he said, required clearing 2,735 hectares of land (seven times the size of Victoria Island), of which 70% was swampy, requiring the pumping of 65 million cubic metres of sand to stabilise the site and raise it by 1.5 metres, over 250,000 foundation piles, and millions of metres of piping, cabling, and electrical wiring among others.

“At peak, we had over 67,000 people on-site of which 50,000 are Nigerians, coordinating around the clock across hundreds of disciplines and nationalities. Then, of course, came the COVID-19 pandemic which set us back by two years and brought new levels of complexity, disruption, and risk. But we persevered,” he noted. 

The refinery also required the construction of a dedicated seaport, as existing Nigerian ports could not handle the size and volume of equipment required. This included over 2,500 pieces of heavy equipment, 330 cranes, and even the establishment of the world’s largest granite quarry, with a production capacity of 10 million tonnes per year. 

“In short, we didn’t just build a refinery – we built an entire industrial ecosystem from scratch,” he said. 

Despite the refinery’s technical success, Dangote identified significant commercial challenges, particularly exchange rates which have gone from N156/$ at inception to N1,600/$ at completion, and challenges around crude oil sourcing. Although Nigeria is said to produce about 2 million barrels per day, the refinery has struggled to secure crude at competitive terms. 

“Rather than buying crude oil directly from Nigerian producers at competitive terms, we found ourselves having to negotiate with international trading companies, who were buying Nigerian crude and reselling it to us—with hefty premiums, of course.”

Logistics and regulatory bottlenecks have also taken a toll. Port and regulatory charges reportedly account for 40% of total freight costs, sometimes costing two-thirds as much as chartering the vessel itself. 

“Refiners in India, who purchase crude oil from regions even farther away, enjoy lower freight costs than we do right here in West Africa because they are not saddled with exorbitant port charges,” Dangote said. 

He added that, in terms of port charges, it is currently more expensive to load a domestic cargo of petroleum products from the Dangote Refinery, as customers pay both at the point of loading and at the point of discharge. In contrast, when they load from Lomé, which competes with them, they pay only at the point of discharge. 

Dangote further criticised the lack of harmonised fuel standards across African nations, which creates artificial barriers for regional trade in refined products. 

“The fuel we produce for Nigeria cannot be sold in Cameroon or Ghana or Togo, even though we all drive the same vehicles. This lack of harmonisation benefits no one – except, of course, international traders, who thrive on arbitrage. For local refiners like us, it fragments the market and imposes unnecessary inefficiencies.” 

Dangote, stating the challenge with diesel production in Africa, noted, “to give one example, the diesel cloud point for Nigeria is 4 degrees. Without going into the technical details, this means that the diesel should work at a temperature of 4 degrees centigrade. Achieving this comes at a cost to us and limits the types of crude we could process. But how many places in Nigeria experience temperatures of 4 degrees? Other African countries have a more reasonable range of 7 to 12 degrees. This is a low hanging fruit which could be addressed by the regulators.”

He also cited the growing influx of discounted, low-quality fuel originating from Russia – blended with Russian crude under price caps and dumped in African markets.

“And to make matters worse, we are now facing increasing dumping of cheap, often toxic, petroleum products – some of which are blended to substandard levels that would never be allowed in Europe or North America,” he said.

Dangote called on African governments to follow the example of the United States, Canada, and the European Union, which have implemented protective measures for domestic refiners.

U.S. to pull out of UNESCO

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The United States would withdraw from UNESCO by the end of 2026, the government said on Tuesday, July 22, 2025, two years after rejoining the United Nations’ cultural agency.

Tammy Bruce
US State Department spokeswoman, Tammy Bruce

“Today, the United States informed Director-General Audrey Azoulay of the United States’ decision to withdraw from UNESCO,” State Department spokeswoman, Tammy Bruce, said in a statement.

“Continued involvement in UNESCO is not in the national interest of the United States,” it added.

U.S. President Donald Trump ordered a review of the country’s involvement and funding in the United Nations in early February, just days after taking office for a second term.

At the time, Trump said the UN had “tremendous potential” but “it’s not being well run.”

The UN Educational, Scientific, Cultural and Communication Organisation (UNESCO) is tasked with promoting cooperation across those sectors and is best known for its World Heritage list, which includes sites recognised for their special cultural, historical or natural significance.

In the statement, the State Department accused the organisation of working “to advance divisive social and cultural causes and maintains an outsized focus on the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, a globalist, ideological agenda for international development at odds with our America First foreign policy.”

“UNESCO’s decision to admit the ‘State of Palestine’ as a Member State is highly problematic, contrary to U.S policy, and contributed to the proliferation of anti-Israel rhetoric within the organisation.”

Trump first pulled the U.S. from the cultural agency during his first term in 2018, before the country rejoined under the Biden administration in 2023.

World Heritage Sites in the United States include Yellowstone National Park, Statue of Liberty and the 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright.

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